Sources
Every state page and species guide lists its own sources with dates. This page gathers them in one place, with the data credits our licences require.
State sources
Alabama: 701 sources
- Watchable Wildlife. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non Venomous Snakes. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black "Speckled" Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brownsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diamond-backed Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coachwhip. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Garter Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hognose Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Indigo Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milk Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbon Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Smooth Earth Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Green Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glossy Crayfish Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Saltmarsh Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Midland Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Green Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mole Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mud Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North Florida Swamp Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Red-bellied Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Scarlet Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Woods Littersnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plain-bellied Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queen Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rainbow Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Cornsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Milk Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringneck Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Earth Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Green Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Crowned Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Smooth Earth Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Worm Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Wildlife FAQs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottonmouth. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pigmy Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow and Recluses: Avoiding Venomous Spiders of the Southeast. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-11-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Brown Recluse Spider: Facts & Control. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-06-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Joro Spiders: What You Need to Know. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-03-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-headed Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Anole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coal Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Six-lined Racerunner. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Slender Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ground Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Indo-Pacific Gecko. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mimic Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Green Anole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Mole Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Five Lined Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Prairie Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkish (Mediterranean) House Gecko. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barking Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird-voiced Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bronze Frog/Green Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope's Gray Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crawfish Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cricket Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler's Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greenhouse Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Grass Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Chorus Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cricket Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Spring Peeper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oak Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ornate Chorus Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pig Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Barrens Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Woods Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Chorus Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Squirrel Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upland Chorus Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS occurrence records, state=AL (all groups). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. API as of retrieval 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads of Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alabama Map Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alabama Red-bellied Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlantic Leatherback. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barbour's Map Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-knobbed Sawback. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Chicken Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Mud Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spiny Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Escambia Map Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flattened Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Cooter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Tortoise. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Sea Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Sea Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Midland Smooth Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Diamond Back Terrapin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Map Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ouachita Map Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pond Slider. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Razor-backed Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Cooter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinkpot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Mud Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpion Management in Residential Homes. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-06-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flooding and Fire Ants. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-12-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lookout for Yellow Jackets - Outdoor Stinging Insects. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-08-31; checked November 3, 2026.
- Inspecting and Controlling Stinging Bugs. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2020-08-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honeybees Detected in Alabama. Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. June 18, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zoonoses. Alabama Department of Public Health. updated 2026-06-30; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stay protected this season: Protect yourself from mosquito and tick bites ahead of peak season. Alabama Department of Public Health. March 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Longhorned Tick Detected in Alabama. Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. April 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Black Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brant. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Goldfinch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baltimore Oriole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boat-tailed Grackle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobolink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brewer's Blackbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bronzed Cowbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown-headed Cowbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullock's Oriole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Grackle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Redpoll. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Meadowlark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Evening Grosbeak. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great-tailed Grackle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hooded Oriole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Finch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orchard Oriole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Siskin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Finch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Crossbill. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-winged Blackbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rusty Blackbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shiny Cowbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Meadowlark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged Crossbill. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-headed Blackbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown-headed Nuthatch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Chickadee. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted Nuthatch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tufted Titmouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-breasted Nuthatch. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Creeper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Coot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Rail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clapper Rail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gallinule. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- King Rail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Limpkin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Gallinule. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sandhill Crane. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sora. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Rail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whooping Crane. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Rail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bank Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue Jay. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cave Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clark's Nutcracker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cliff Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Raven. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fish Crow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horned Lark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Rough-winged Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Martin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tree Swallow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-billed Cuckoo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Groove-billed Ani. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mangrove Cuckoo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Tree Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bachman's Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-headed Grosbeak. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue Grosbeak. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chipping Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clay-colored Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark-eyed Junco. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dickcissel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Towhee. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fox Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grasshopper Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green-tailed Towhee. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harris' Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Henslow's Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Indigo Bunting. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lark Bunting. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lark Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lazuli Bunting. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Le Conte's Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lincoln's Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cardinal. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Bunting. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Savannah Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Tanager. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Seaside Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Song Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Towhee. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Summer Tanager. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swamp Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vesper Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Tanager. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-crowned Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-throated Sparrow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Acadian Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alder Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ash-throated Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bell's Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-whiskered Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-headed Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown-crested Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cordilleran/Pacific-slope Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Couch's Kingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dusky Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Phoebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Wood-Pewee. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fork-tailed Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Kingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Crested Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hammond's Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- La Sagra's Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Shrike. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Olive-sided Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Philadelphia Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plumbeous Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eyed Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Say's Phoebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vermilion Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Warbling Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Kingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-eyed Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Willow Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-green Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-throated Vireo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chuck-will's-widow. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Nighthawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Nighthawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whip-poor-Will. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eared Grebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horned Grebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pied-billed Grebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-necked Grebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Grebe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Bobwhite. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruffed Grouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Turkey. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bittern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-crowned Night Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Vulture. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cattle Egret. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glossy Ibis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Blue Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least Bittern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Blue Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reddish Egret. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roseate Spoonbill. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowy Egret. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tricolored Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-faced Ibis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Ibis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Stork. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Belted Kingfisher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Loon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific Loon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-throated Loon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Kestrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Eagle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-winged Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cooper's Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crested Caracara. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ferruginous Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Eagle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Merlin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Kite. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Goshawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Harrier. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Osprey. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Peregrine Falcon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Falcon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-shouldered Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-tailed Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough-legged Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharp-shinned Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-tailed Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swainson's Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swallow-tailed Kite. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Kite. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barred Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burrowing Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Screech-Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flammulated Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Horned Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-eared Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Saw-whet Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-eared Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowy Owl. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Parakeet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Band-tailed Pigeon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ground-Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian Collared-Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Inca Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mourning Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Passenger Pigeon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged Dove. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Audubon's Shearwater. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Band-rumped Storm-Petrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cory's Shearwater. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Shearwater. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leach's Storm-Petrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sooty Shearwater. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Storm-Petrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Avocet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Golden-Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Woodcock. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arctic Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baird's Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-bellied Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-legged Kittiwake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-necked Stilt. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Skimmer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bonaparte's Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bridled Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Noddy. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Caspian Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Curlew Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dunlin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian Woodcock. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Forster's Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Franklin's Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glaucous Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glaucus-winged Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Black-backed Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Yellowlegs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gull-billed Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herring Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hudsonian Godwit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iceland Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ivory Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Killdeer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laughing Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Black-backed Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Yellowlegs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-billed Curlew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-billed Dowitcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed Jaeger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marbled Godwit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Parasitic Jaeger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pectoral Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Piping Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pomarine Jaeger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Razorbill. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Knot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-necked Phalarope. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Phalarope. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-billed Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roseate Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Royal Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruddy Turnstone. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruff. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sabine's Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sanderling. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sandwich Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Semipalmated Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Semipalmated Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-billed Dowitcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowy Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Solitary Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sooty Tern. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stilt Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Thayer's Gull. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upland Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whimbrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-rumped Sandpiper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Willet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Phalarope. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Plover. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Snipe. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Pipit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cedar Waxwing. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chestnut-collared Longspur. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Starling. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lapland Longspur. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smith's Longspur. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snow Bunting. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sprague's Pipit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow/ Eastern Yellow Wagtail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Wigeon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-bellied Whistling Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Scoter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-winged Teal. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bufflehead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cackling Goose. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada Goose. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canvasback. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cinnamon Teal. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Goldeneye. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Merganser. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian Wigeon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fulvous Whistling-Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gadwall. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Garganey. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Scaup. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater White-fronted Goose. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green-winged Teal. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harlequin Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hooded Merganser. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- King Eider. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Scaup. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mallard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mottled Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pintail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Shoveler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted Merganser. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Redhead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ross's Goose. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruddy Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snow Goose. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Surf Scoter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trumpeter Swan. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tundra Swan. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-cheeked Pintail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged Scoter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Duck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Allen's Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Anna's Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-chinned Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Swift. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-throated Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-billed Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-tailed Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Buff-bellied Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Calliope Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chimney Swift. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Costa's Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Violet-ear. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Magnificent Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rufous Hummingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vaux's Swift. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Robin. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Thrasher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Bluebird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Catbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray-cheeked Thrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hermit Thrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Mockingbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Wheatear. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sage Thrasher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swainson's Thrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Varied Thrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Veery. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Thrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American White Pelican. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Anhinga. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Booby. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Pelican. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Double-crested Cormorant. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Cormorant. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Magnificent Frigatebird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Masked Booby. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Neotropic Cormorant. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Gannet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-billed Tropicbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Redstart. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bachman's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bay-breasted Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-and-white Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated Blue Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated Gray Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated Green Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blackburnian Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blackpoll Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-winged Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cape May Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cerulean Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chestnut-sided Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Yellowthroat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Connecticut Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden-winged Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hooded Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kentucky Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kirtland's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana Waterthrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MacGillivray's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Magnolia Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mourning Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nashville Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Parula. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Waterthrush. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orange-crowned Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ovenbird. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Redstart. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Palm Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prothonotary Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swainson's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tennessee Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Worm-eating Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-breasted Chat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-rumped Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-throated Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Warbler. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Downy Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hairy Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Flicker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pileated Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-headed Woodpecker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bewick's Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden-crowned Kinglet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marsh Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sedge Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Winter Wren. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Egret. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Oystercatcher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Armadillo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Opossum. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big Brown Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brazilian Free-tailed Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Red Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Small-footed Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Evening Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hoary Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Indiana Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Brown Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Long-eared Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Yellow Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Seminole Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Silver-haired Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Myotis. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tri-colored Bat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Badger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Mink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Sea Lion. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougar. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spotted Skunk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Fox. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jaguarundi. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed Weasel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American River Otter. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringtail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Pygmy Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Mole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Least Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Short-tailed Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smoky Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Short-tailed Shrew. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Appalachian Cottontail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cottontail. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marsh Rabbit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swamp Rabbit. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alabama Beach Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Allegheny Woodrat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beaver. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Rat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cotton Deermouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coypu. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Chipmunk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Harvest Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Woodrat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fox Squirrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Squirrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hispid Cotton Rat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marsh Oryzomys. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Meadow Jumping Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Muskrat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Deermouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oldfield Deermouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Perdido Key Beach Mouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Vole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roof Rat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Pocket Gopher. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Flying Squirrel. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-footed Deermouse. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodchuck. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodland Vole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bison. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fallow Deer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Deer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Boar. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlantic Sharpnose Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacktip Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bull Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Finetooth Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sand Tiger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scalloped Hammerhead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spinner Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tiger Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish in Alabama. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-12-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- What is a Portuguese man o' war?. NOAA National Ocean Service. updated September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spearfishers Cash in on Lionfish Money. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. Revision Date: 2/19/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Indian Manatee Study. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Know Before You Go: The Beach Flag Warning System. Alabama Department of Public Health. July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark ID. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Carp in Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Alligators. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What to know about sea turtles. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alabama Black Bears. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisoning. Alabama Department of Public Health. March 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reporting Saltwater Fish Kills and Strandings. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Section District Contacts. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alabama Nuisance Animal Control. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Aquatic Invasive Species. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Alaska: 44 sources
- Our Agency: Mission. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sounds Wild: No Snakes in Alaska (radio episode transcript). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beneficial Arthropods of Alaska: Natural Enemies (PMC-10075). University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service. Revised January 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alaska Public Health Pest Control Manual, Category Eight. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Pesticide Program. January 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alaska Wildlife Action Plan, Appendix 4: Native Amphibians. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (species account PDF, prepared by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbia Spotted Frog Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Toad Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Red-legged Frog (Distribution). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alaska's Animals: Reptiles and Amphibians. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Sea Turtle Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leatherback Sea Turtle Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Sea Turtle Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Gypsy Moth (Distribution). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Information on Ticks. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Office of the State Veterinarian. archived copy, captured May 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dog ticks have been introduced and are establishing in Alaska (Wildlife Health and Disease Surveillance Program memorandum). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2016 (per file name; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Tickborne Disease Information. Alaska Department of Health, Section of Epidemiology. archived copy, captured March 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Alaska Birds, 32nd edition—2026. University of Alaska Museum (with the Alaska Bird Records Committee). 32nd edition—2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Alaska: Checklist of the mammals of Alaska (page). University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Alaska (checklist table shown in the page iframe). University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Safety in Bear Country. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Moose. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Wolves. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Diseases and Parasites in Alaska: Rabies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Norway Rat (Impacts). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Muskoxen. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wood Bison. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Beavers. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Research in Alaska. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. updated August 14, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Salmon Shark Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Pike in Southcentral Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Red-legged Frog (Biological Characteristics). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: European Green Crab (Biological Characteristics). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Norway Rat (Biological Characteristics). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Norway Rat (Pathways). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: European Starling (Pathways). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Atlantic Salmon (Pathways). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Didemnum Tunicate (Biological Characteristics). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roughskin Newt Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Bats: Rabies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to Report an Invasive Species you saw in Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Bats. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Arizona: 172 sources
- Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake (species page). Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured January 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Variable Sandsnake (Chilomeniscus stramineus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis occipitalis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis palarostris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Whipsnake (Coluber bilineatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: North American Racer (Coluber constrictor). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Coachwhip (Coluber flagellum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Striped Whipsnake (Coluber taeniatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Black-Tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mohave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Tiger Rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Ring-Necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Thornscrub Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion quadrangulare). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake (Heterodon kennerlyi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chihuahuan Nightsnake (Hypsiglena jani). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Hooded Nightsnake (Hypsiglena sp. nov.). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake (Lampropeltis pyromelana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: New Mexico Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops dissectus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops humilis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Coralsnake (Micruroides euryxanthus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Brown Vinesnake (Oxybelis aeneus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Saddled Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus browni). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Spotted Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Long-Nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Eastern Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora grahamiae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora hexalepis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Green Ratsnake (Senticolis triaspis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Groundsnake (Sonora semiannulata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Smith’S Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plains Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chihuahuan Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla wilcoxi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Yaqui Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla yaquia). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Black-Necked Gartersnake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Terrestrial Gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Gartersnake (Thamnophis eques). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Checkered Gartersnake (Thamnophis marcianus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Lyresnake (Trimorphodon lambda). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide to The Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona - Snakes of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Backyard Gardener #177: Spiders. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. June 12, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees, Spiders & Other Bugs. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Garden & Landscape Newsletter July 2020 - Venomous Spiders in Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Pinal County. 2020-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Striped Whiptail (Aspidoscelis arizonae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Canyon Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis burti). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis exsanguis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Gila Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis flagellicauda). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: New Mexico Whiptail (Aspidoscelis neomexicana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Pai Striped Whiptail (Aspidoscelis pai). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis sonorae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Tiger Whiptail (Aspidoscelis tigris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Grassland Whiptail (Aspidoscelis uniparens). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plateau Striped Whiptail (Aspidoscelis velox). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Red-Backed Whiptail (Aspidoscelis xanthonota). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Zebra-Tailed Lizard (Callisaurus draconoides). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Banded Gecko (Coleonyx variegatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Greater Earless Lizard (Cophosaurus texanus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Basin Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus bicinctores). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Eastern Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus nebrius). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura sp.). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Madrean Alligator Lizard (Elgaria kingii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Long-Nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia wislizenii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Elegant Earless Lizard (Holbrookia elegans). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Lesser Earless Lizard (Holbrookia maculata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Goode’S Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) goodei). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Greater Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Tapaja) hernandesi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Flat-Tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Anota) mcallii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Round-Tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) modestum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) platyrhinos). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Regal Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Anota) solare). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mountain Skink (Plestiodon callicephalus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Gilbert’S Skink (Plestiodon gilberti). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Many-Lined Skink (Plestiodon multivirgatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Plains Skink (Plestiodon obsoletus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Skink (Plestiodon skiltonianus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Chuckwalla (Sauromalus ater). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Twin-Spotted Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus bimaculosus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Clark’S Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus clarkii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Southwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus cowlesi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Yarrow’S Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus magister). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Slevin’S Bunchgrass Lizard (Sceloporus slevini). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plateau Fence Lizard (Sceloporus tristichus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Yellow-Backed Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus uniformis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Yuman Fringe-Toed Lizard (Uma rufopunctata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mohave Fringe-Toed Lizard (Uma scoparia). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Long-Tailed Brush Lizard (Urosaurus graciosus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Ornate Tree Lizard (Urosaurus ornatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Side-Blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Night Lizard (Xantusia arizonae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Bezy’S Night Lizard (Xantusia bezyi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Night Lizard (Xantusia vigilis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide to The Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona - Lizards of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Barred Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Plains Toad (Anaxyrus cognatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Red-Spotted Toad (Anaxyrus punctatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Green Toad (Anaxyrus retiformis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Woodhouse’S Toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Barking Frog (Craugastor augusti). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Narrow-Mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Canyon Treefrog (Hyla arenicolor). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Treefrog (Hyla wrightorum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Desert Toad (Incilius alvarius). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Rio Grande Leopard Frog (Lithobates berlandieri). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plains Leopard Frog (Lithobates blairi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Relict Leopard Frog (Lithobates onca). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Tarahumara Frog (Lithobates tarahumarae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Lowland Leopard Frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Baja California Treefrog (Pseudacris hypochondriaca). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Couch’S Spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Lowland Burrowing Treefrog (Smilisca fodiens). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plains Spadefoot (Spea bombifrons). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Spadefoot (Spea multiplicata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide to The Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona - Frogs and Toads of Arizona / Salamanders of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Agassiz’S Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Arizona Mud Turtle (Kinosternon arizonense). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Yellow Mud Turtle (Kinosternon flavescens). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonora Mud Turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Ornate Box Turtle (Terrapene ornata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide to The Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona - Turtles and Tortoises of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of the Desert Southwest United States (az1768). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. 2018-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- What You Should Know About Kissing Bugs (az1992). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. 2025-09 (Revised September 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured December 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bears. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured February 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured March 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Javelina. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured March 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bobcats. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured January 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bats. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured February 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured June 9, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (Nongame Management). Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured June 9, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (Nongame Management). Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured January 30, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arizona's Amphibians and Reptiles. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured December 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Arkansas: 64 sources
- Nuisance Wildlife. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big faker: Eastern hognose is Arkansas's counterfeit cobra. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). May 21, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn how to identify Arkansas's venomous snakes. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). March 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern and northern black widow spiders (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Biology and Control of Spiders, Scorpions, Centipedes and Millipedes (FSA7018). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. PDF created 2014-04-30, modified 2025-04-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown recluse and Mediterranean recluse spiders (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantula (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trapdoor spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Agrarian sac spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bold jumping spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark fishing spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow garden spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common house spider (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Endangered, Threatened, Regulated, And Species of Greatest Conservation Need (28 January 2016 list; superseded by the 2025 plan). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 28 January 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated October 6, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Descriptions of Common Reptiles in the park - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated October 6, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated August 5, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Buffalo National River. National Park Service. updated December 11, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species: species list for Arkansas. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Box turtles making moves across Arkansas. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). April 15, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations 34.09 Taking Or Possession Of Alligator Snapping Turtles Prohibited. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2019-04-25; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations 34.10 Take Of Chicken Turtles And Razorback Musk Turtles Prohibited. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2019-04-25; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations 34.12 Take And Possession Of Aquatic Turtles For Personal Consumption Restricted. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2026-07-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped bark scorpion (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red imported fire ant (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- European hornet (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baldfaced hornet (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red velvet ant (cow killer) (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red wasp (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringed paper wasp (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter bee (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging rose caterpillar (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Deer ticks (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chigger (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant redheaded centipede (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- House centipede (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wheel bug (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ebony blister beetle (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cicada killer (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- ADH urges Arkansans to take precautions during tick and mosquito season (Arkansas Department of Health release carried by AGFC). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). June 16, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wings Over Arkansas Application Checklist. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations Addendum P1.01 Endangered Species List -- Animals. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2024-07-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals - Buffalo National River. National Park Service. updated August 13, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain lion carcass found on Sylamore WMA. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). February 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations 01.00-C Definition Of Terms. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2026-07-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- FSA9106 (Extension fact sheet on feral hogs). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- World Rabies Day reminds Arkansans about prevention, control. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). September 28, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated September 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bears back on the move, AGFC offers advice to be bearwise. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). May 11, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Health & Safety with Wildlife. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Encountering Native Snakes in Arkansas. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator (brochure). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- No need to fear the giant flying electric joro spider. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies in Arkansas (Arkansas Department of Health fact sheet hosted by AGFC). Arkansas Department of Health, hosted by AGFC. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases (Musings on Nature blog). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Poison and Drug Information Center. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) College of Pharmacy. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Thwart a snakebite before it happens. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). August 11, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Arkansas (FSA9102). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. PDF created 2021-08-11, modified 2025-04-04; checked November 3, 2026.
California: 37 sources
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts Toolkit. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. U.S. National Park Service. May 17, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes - Yosemite National Park. U.S. National Park Service. June 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Southern Watersnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Northern Watersnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisonings, Envenomations, and Toxic Exposures During Travel (CDC Yellow Book 2026). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Rattlesnakes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2014-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Widow Spiders and Their Relatives. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2017-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster - Saguaro National Park. U.S. National Park Service. August 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Scorpions. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2011-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Bee and Wasp Stings. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2011-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2012-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Red Imported Fire Ant. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2013-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Conenose Bugs. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2013-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lyme Disease. California Department of Public Health. November 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- CDPH Common Ticks in California ID Card. California Department of Public Health. December 11, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lyme Disease Fact Sheet. California Department of Public Health. March 14, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Mosquitoes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-04; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Mountain Lions. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Black Bears. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Coyotes. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marine Species Information Portal - species list (API behind https://marinespecies.wildlife.ca.gov/). California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Marine Region). live data; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bat Ray - Discover Fishes species profile. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). February 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Round Stingray - Discover Fishes species profile. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). February 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Shark Information. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Marine Region). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria Infestation. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Red-Eared Slider. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: American Bullfrog. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: African Clawed Frog. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Common Coqui. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Mute Swan. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Brown-Headed Cowbird. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report an Invasive Species Sighting. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Colorado: 185 sources
- Species Profile List. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-04-09T13:47:52-0600; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Reptile. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Terrestrial Garter Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Black-necked Garter Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: California Kingsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Chihuahuan Nightsnake and Desert Nightsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quick Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Coachwhip. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Garter Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Eastern Hognose Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Glossy Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Gophersnake/Bullsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Great Plains Ratsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Lined Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Long-Nosed Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Massasauga Rattlesnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Western Rattlesnake). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Milksnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: North American Racer. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Northern Watersnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plains Black-Headed Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plains Garter Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Prairie Rattlesnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ring-Necked Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Rubber Boa. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Smith's Black-Headed Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Smooth Greensnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Striped Whipsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Texas Threadsnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Ground Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Hognose Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in the Home (Fact Sheet 5.512). Colorado State University Extension. Published September 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spiders in Colorado: Recognition and Spiders of Similar Appearance. Colorado State University Extension. Published February 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantulas (Colorado Arachnids of Interest). CSU Extension, Western Colorado Insects (Tri River Area) - Colorado Insects of Interest. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Widow Spider. Colorado State University Extension. Published January 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Colorado Checkered Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Checkered Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Lesser Earless Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Sagebrush Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Side-Blotched Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Desert Spiny Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Eastern Collared Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Great Plains Skink. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Hernandez's Short-Horned Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Long-nosed Leopard Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Many-Lined Skink. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ornate Tree Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plateau Striped Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Prairie Lizard and Plateau Fence Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Round-tailed Horned Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Six-lined Racerunner. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Texas Horned Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Tiger Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Amphibian. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: American Bullfrog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Boreal Chorus Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Boreal Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Canyon Treefrog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Couch's Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Great Basin Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Great Plains Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Green Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: New Mexico Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Northern Cricket Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Northern Leopard Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plains Leopard Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plains Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Red-spotted Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Chorus Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western/Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Wood Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Woodhouse's Toad. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ornate Box Turtle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Painted Turtle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Snapping Turtle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Spiny Softshell Turtle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Yellow Mud Turtle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado 2025 State Wildlife Action Plan data hub download, sheet "SGCN List". Colorado Parks and Wildlife. 2025 State Wildlife Action Plan data hub download; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Reptiles, Colorado. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of Colorado. Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology (Extension entomology). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Paper Wasp. Colorado State University Extension. Published June 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baldfaced Hornet (Colorado Insects of Interest). CSU Extension, Western Colorado Insects (Tri River Area) - Colorado Insects of Interest. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harvester Ants (Colorado Insects of Interest). CSU Extension, Western Colorado Insects (Tri River Area) - Colorado Insects of Interest. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantula Hawks of Colorado. Colorado State University Extension. Published August 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (Colorado Insects of Interest). CSU Extension, Western Colorado Insects (Tri River Area) - Colorado Insects of Interest. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Conenose Bugs (Kissing Bugs) and Insects of Similar Appearance in Colorado. Colorado State University Extension. Published May 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus and Mosquito Management. Colorado State University Extension. Reviewed January 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases. Colorado State University Extension. Published February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Insect. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: American Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Colorado Large Marble. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Emerald Ash Borer. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Japanese Beetle. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Monarch. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Morrison's Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Nokomis Fritillary or Great Basin Silverspot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Pawnee Montane Skipper. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Southern Plains Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Spongy Moth. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Suckley's Cuckoo Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Uncompahgre Fritillary. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Variable Cuckoo Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Bumble Bee. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Regal Fritillary. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Bird. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Mammal. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: American Pika. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Badger. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Beaver. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Big Brown Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Big Free-Tailed Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Bison. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Black Bear. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Black-Footed Ferret. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Black-Tailed Jackrabbit. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Bobcat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: California Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Canyon Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Chipmunks. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Cottontail Rabbits. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Coyote. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Eastern Mole. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Elk. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: European Wild Hog/Feral Hog/European-Feral Crossbreed. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Fringed Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Gray Fox. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Gray Wolf. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Harvest Mice. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Hispid Cotton Rat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Hoary Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Jumping Mice. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Kit Fox. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Little Brown Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Long-Eared Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Long-Legged Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Lynx. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Marten. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Mexican Long-Nosed Armadillo. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Mink. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Moose. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Mountain Goat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Mountain Lion. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Mule Deer. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Muskrat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Northern Grasshopper Mouse. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ord's Kangaroo Rat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Pallid Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Pocket Gophers. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Pocket Mice. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Porcupine. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Prairie Dogs. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Pronghorn. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Raccoon. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Red Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Red Fox. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ringtail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: River Otter. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Silver-haired Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Snowshoe Hare. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Spotted Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Swift Fox. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Townsend's Big-Eared Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Tree Squirrels. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Tri-Colored Bat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Virginia Opossum. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Western Small-Footed Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: White-Footed Mice. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: White-Tailed Deer. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: White-Tailed Jackrabbit. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Wolverine. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Woodrats. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Yellow-Bellied Marmot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Yuma Myotis. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bears. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-10-06T10:46:47-0600; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-01-21T13:33:35-0700; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Disease Exposure. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-06-26T09:19:37-0600; checked November 3, 2026.
- Known Invasive Wildlife in Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-01-21T15:12:28-0700; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crossing Paths with Wildlife. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-01-28T13:29:23-0700; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS occurrence API: Alligator mississippiensis in Colorado. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. live API query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Grizzly Bear. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coping with Snakes. Colorado State University Extension. Published May 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife in Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. page states 2026-05-01T10:57:56-0600; checked November 3, 2026.
Connecticut: 63 sources
- Report a Wildlife Sighting. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated September 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated July 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ribbonsnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekay's Brownsnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated August 15, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ratsnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Redbelly Snake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Wormsnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Black Racer (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Copperhead (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 8, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Black Widow, Southern Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus variolus, Latrodectus mactans (Rose Hiskes). The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), Department of Entomology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus variolus) (Katherine Dugas). The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), Department of Entomology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arachnophobia: Brown Recluse and Black Widow Spiders. Connecticut Poison Control Center, UConn Health. page modified 2022-12-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Five-lined Skink (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Connecticut (G. J. Watkins-Colwell, editor). Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology). archived copy, captured June 16, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated June 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS species list: nonindigenous reptiles, Connecticut. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated November 2, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lyme Disease. Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Forestry. Content last updated August 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Invertebrates. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellowjackets (Family Vespidae). The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), Dr. Gale E. Ridge. October 26, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cicada Killer / European Hornet / Giant Hornet (CAES pest alert). The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES). June 17, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- State of Connecticut Mosquito Management Program. State of Connecticut Mosquito Management Program (DEEP, CAES, Department of Public Health and partners). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Birds of Connecticut (454 species accepted by the Avian Records Committee of Connecticut). Connecticut Ornithological Association (COA) / Avian Records Committee of Connecticut (ARCC). Updated 3/10 & 9/17/26 by Frank Gallo; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Opossum (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least Shrew (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural Resources. 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats in Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated May 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chipmunk (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodchuck (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Squirrel (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Squirrel (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flying Squirrels (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beaver (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Muskrat (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottontail Rabbits (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated April 30, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowshoe Hare (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Fox (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated November 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions About Black Bears. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Otter (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Deer (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies and Wildlife. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Job 5: Marine Finfish Survey, Long Island Sound Trawl Survey (A Study of Marine Recreational Fisheries in Connecticut, F54R; 2020 report covering surveys through 2019). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Marine Fisheries Program. 2020 annual report; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP). Content last updated June 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Caiman - Collections (Connecticut). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Watersnake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator - Collections (Connecticut). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2019 CT DEEP Weekly Fishing Report No. 28, 10/25/2019. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP); copy held by the Connecticut State Library digital collections. 10/25/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes in Connecticut: A Guide to Snake Identification (Jenny Dickson and Julie Victoria). Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (now DEEP), Bureau of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division. rev. 3/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Ring-necked Snake (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on; checked November 3, 2026.
Delaware: 25 sources
- Delaware's Endangered Species. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2020-05-15, dateModified 2025-04-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes to Watch Out For (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2021-07-09, modified 2026-05-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gone Herpin' - DNREC Catalogs Delaware's Reptiles and Amphibians (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2020-09-30, modified 2025-07-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles (2025-2035 Delaware Wildlife Action Plan). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2025-09-09, dateModified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Update and Revision of Delaware's SGCN List. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2025-07-16, dateModified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Amphibians and Reptiles. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider Bites. The Poison Control Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (serves Delaware). no date on page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Winter Survival Strategies: Hibernation in Delaware's Animal Kingdom (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2024-02-12, modified 2025-07-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Tiger Mosquitoes. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2019-09-25, modified 2026-06-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive and Problematic Species and Diseases (DEWAP). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2025-09-10, dateModified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks of Delaware. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2021-06-16, modified 2026-05-29; checked November 3, 2026.
- Delaware State List of Bird Species. Delaware Bird Records Committee, Delaware Ornithological Society. Updated July 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (2025-2035 Delaware Wildlife Action Plan). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2025-08-14, dateModified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Mammals. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dolphins, Horseshoe Crabs and Piping Plovers, Oh My! (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2024-06-10, modified 2025-07-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyotes in Delaware. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2020-04-13, modified 2026-04-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- How Delaware is Preparing for the Return of Black Bears (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2024-07-31, modified 2025-07-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks in Delaware Waters (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2022-07-15, modified 2026-05-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fish (2025-2035 Delaware Wildlife Action Plan). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). datePublished 2025-09-09, dateModified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish to Watch Out for (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2020-09-30, modified 2026-07-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Delaware spiders more friend than foe, UD experts say (UDaily). University of Delaware (UDaily news office), quoting Brian Kunkel, entomologist with University of Delaware Cooperative Extension. Oct. 26, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Program. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2021-06-16, modified 2026-06-24; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reporting Sick or Dead Wildlife. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2022-04-12, modified 2026-10-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- When Wildlife Cause Problems. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2025-04-10, modified 2026-07-27; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Aquatic Species. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2020-02-11, modified 2025-02-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Florida: 91 sources
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Brahminy Blindsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Boa Constrictor. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Burmese Python. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: African Rock Python. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: scarletsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: North American Racer. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Indigo Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Scarlet Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Short Tailed Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Apalachicola Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: South Florida Mole Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Northern Mole Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Coachwhip. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Rough Greensnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Gray Ratsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Red Cornsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Ratsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Pinesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Southeastern Crowned Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Rim Rock Crowned Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated October 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Crowned Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Ring Necked Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Red Bellied Mud Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Rainbow Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Hog Nosed Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Southern Hog Nosed Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Pine Woods Littersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Rough Earthsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Striped Swampsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Black Swampsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Glossy Swampsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Saltmarsh Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Mississippi Green Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Plain Bellied Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Southern Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Green Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Midland Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Brown Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: queensnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Dekays Brownsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Brownsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Red Bellied Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Ribbonsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Common Gartersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Smooth Earthsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Harlequin Coralsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Cottonmouth. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Copperhead. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Diamond Backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Timber Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Diamond Backed Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Javan File Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cane Toad (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- WEC218 The Cuban Treefrog in Florida. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date May 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Spooky Bug Brigade: Scorpions. UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. Posted October 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests (Koehler & Diclaro). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date January 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-195 Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-545 Puss Caterpillar, Southern Flannel Moth, Megalopyge opercularis. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Birds. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 11/2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Mammals (FWC; archived copy, incomplete). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Mammals (FWRI research). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Not Native to Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear encounters (Living with Bears). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats and Rabies. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacktip Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured February 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bonnethead Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured April 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bull Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nurse Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Hammerhead Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lemon Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tiger Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlantic Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured March 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Alligators. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crocodile. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing the odds of a shark encounter (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- WEC 202 Recognizing Florida's Venomous Snakes (Johnson & Main). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Sept 2005; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ray Species (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Facts. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Georgia: 76 sources
- Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division home page. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Copperhead. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Cottonmouth. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Timber Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Pigmy Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Eastern Coral Snake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow spiders: Why gardeners wear work gloves. University of Georgia CAES Field Report (UGA Cooperative Extension). published 2008-02-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Distribution of the Brown Recluse Spider (Araneae: Sicariidae) in Georgia with Comparison to Poison Center Reports of Envenomations (Vetter, Hinkle & Ames, J. Med. Entomol. 46(1):15-20). Journal of Medical Entomology; hosted by UGA Department of Entomology. 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown recluse spider isn't typically a Southerner. UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES Field Report/newswire). February 19, 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Joro Spiders in the Landscape (Circular 1289). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. August 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown widow spiders – hiding in a log near you. University of Georgia CAES Field Report. published 2008-11-26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] fasciatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Argentine Black and White Tegus. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- "Calls of the Wild" — Georgia Frogs CD. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Lithobates palustris). UGA Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (Herpetology). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Chorus Frog (Pseudacris nigrita). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sylvatica). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Reptiles and Amphibians (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Turtle Recovery Efforts. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell (Apalone ferox). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stripeneck / Loggerhead Musk Turtle (Sternotherus minor). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions not as dangerous as they look. UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES Field Report/newswire). July 17, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Imported Fire Ants in Urban Areas (Bulletin 1191). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. March 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-Legged Hornet. Georgia Department of Agriculture. HTTP Last-Modified 2026-11-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. Georgia Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing bugs have been in Georgia for thousands of years and pose little risk. University of Georgia CAES Field Report. published 2015-12-15; checked November 3, 2026.
- GOS 2023 Checklist. Georgia Ornithological Society. 2023 checklist; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Mammals (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats of Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. Revised August 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes (fact sheet). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. updated May 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hog Management. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Squirrel Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. 2005; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Foxes (fact sheet). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. updated May 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- WSFNR-17-36 Nine-banded Armadillo (M. T. Mengak). University of Georgia Warnell School (Extension publication series; PDF hosted on gadnrle.org). WSFNR-17-36; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Raccoons (fact sheet). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. updated May 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- "Rut" Roh! Deer Are On the Move, Avoid Collisions (press release). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. October 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies Control Manual, Georgia, Eighth Edition. Georgia Department of Public Health (hosted by GA DNR). December 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats in Your House?. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Georgia Hunting & Fishing Regulations: Finfish Seasons, Limits & Sizes. Georgia DNR (official regulations guide hosted by eRegulations; linked from coastalgadnr.org). page states Last Updated: August 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North Atlantic Right Whales. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles and Marine Mammals. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pterois volitans (red lionfish) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 2/19/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Understanding Jellyfish. UGA Cooperative Extension, Camden County (Jessica Warren, ANR Agent). published 2023-08-22, modified 2025-09-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Osteopilus septentrionalis — Nonindigenous Aquatic Species fact sheet. U.S. Geological Survey. Revision Date 6/12/2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) in Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cane Toad - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greenhouse Frog - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nile Monitor - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burmese Python - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- nutria - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- giant applesnail - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- green mussel - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Australian spotted jellyfish - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Indo-Pacific swimming crab - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-legged Hornet FAQ. Georgia Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. Revised 09/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator. Georgia DNR Coastal Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Tortoise profile (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion Sightings Not Likely in Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cuban Treefrog - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Preventing Wildlife Conflicts. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Preventing Wildlife Conflicts. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Hawaii: 48 sources
- About Us (Division of Forestry and Wildlife). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawai'i State Wildlife Action Plan 2025 (as submitted to the Regional Review Team October 1, 2025). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. October 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii National Parks Herpetofauna Inventory: park species lists for Haleakala (HALE), Hawaii Volcanoes (HAVO), Kalaupapa (KALA). National Park Service, Pacific Island Network (inventory data by F. Kraus). 2005-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Highly Venomous Sea Snake Found Ashore on Hawai'i Island (NR25-04). Hawaii Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity (formerly Hawaii Department of Agriculture, HDOA). February 14, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider Bites. Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. page date July 21, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Happy Face Spider. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card 70: Asian Spiny Backed Spider. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii National Parks Herpetofauna Inventory Dataset (data.gov catalog record). National Park Service (catalog record on data.gov). dataset last updated 2005-09-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jackson's Chameleon (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Veiled Chameleon (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Knight Anole. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Amphibians, Hawaii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Cane Toad. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Reptiles, Hawaii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card 34: Lesser Brown Scorpion. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Examples of Invasive Species in Hawaii. Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nettle Caterpillar (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card 41: Western Yellowjacket. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Common Honeybee. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Forest Day Mosquito. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dengue. Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card 37: Giant Centipede. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Fire Ant (LFA) (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Primary Checklist (The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status, Pyle & Pyle). Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). Version 2, 1 January 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- 'Ope'ape'a, the Hawaiian Hoary Bat. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Injurious Wildlife. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Cats (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Game Mammal Hunting. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Safety: Fact Sheet. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawai'i Sharks: Species List (species list for Hawaiian waters). Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Lionfish. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Tree Snake (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coqui frog (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honey Bee (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mongoose (Urva auropunctata) (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TSA Screeners Find Live Snake in Woman's Luggage (NR05-08). Hawaii Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity (formerly HDOA). May 4, 2005; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Neuroangiostrongyliasis (Rat Lungworm). Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. case table 'as of November 2, 2026'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Live Snake Captured in Pukalani (NR23-10). Hawaii Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity (formerly HDOA). May 16, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emergency / poisoning first-aid page (Hawaii Poison Center 1-800-222-1222). Hawaii State Department of Health, EMS & Injury Prevention System Branch. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Safety: Safety Tips. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaiian Monk Seal. NOAA Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leptospirosis. Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nine-Foot Snake Turned in Under Amnesty (NR10-08). Hawaii Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity (formerly HDOA). June 10, 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Seabird Fallout Season. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Box Jellyfish Calendar. Waikiki Aquarium (University of Hawai'i at Manoa). page modified 2026-09-30; checked November 3, 2026.
Idaho: 40 sources
- About Fish and Game. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Species Catalog: Reptilia Class (In Idaho? = Yes). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 2, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Charina bottae species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured May 15, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coluber constrictor species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured April 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Masticophis taeniatus species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured June 6, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Express: Rattlesnake (May 2023, Volume 36, Issue 9). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured August 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diadophis punctatus species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured June 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hypsiglena torquata species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured August 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pituophis catenifer species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured October 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rhinocheilus lecontei species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured June 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sonora semiannulata species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured January 17, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Thamnophis elegans species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured February 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Thamnophis sirtalis species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured October 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Homeowner Guide to Idaho’s Arachnids Around the Home and Field (BUL 1094), Chris A. Hamilton. University of Idaho Extension. September 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Species Catalog: Amphibia Class (In Idaho? = Yes). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 2, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Species Catalog: Chelonia Class (In Idaho? = Yes). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured July 31, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Homeowner’s Guide to Yellowjackets, Bald-Faced Hornets, and Paper Wasps (BUL 852). University of Idaho Extension. June 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Homeowner Guide to Minor Stinging Insects (BUL 853). University of Idaho Extension. October 23, 2025 (publication page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Japanese Beetle Project. Idaho State Department of Agriculture (Invasive Species of Idaho program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bug bites aren’t just annoying; they can also make you sick! (DHW Voice). Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. May 29, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoid getting bitten: Mosquitoes and ticks can cause serious illness (DHW Voice). Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. May 31, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Species Catalog: Aves Class (In Idaho? = Yes), 9 pages. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 7, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Idaho Species Catalog: Mammalia Class (In Idaho? = Yes), 3 pages. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 6, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreationists, homeowners and hunters are reminded grizzly bears are emerging from dens (press release; USFWS message). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured March 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with mountain lions (blog). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured April 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies - Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. updated 9-14-2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake River Quagga. Idaho State Department of Agriculture (Invasive Species of Idaho program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) - Idaho Fish and Game Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured December 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collection info: Lithobates catesbeianus, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) - Idaho Fish and Game Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collection info: Chelydra serpentina, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trachemys scripta (Pond Slider) - Idaho Fish and Game Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured May 17, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collection info: Trachemys scripta elegans, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species list: Mammals, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Myocastor coypus (nutria) collection info, Idaho - USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes can be our friend (press release, Jerome). Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured September 3, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collection info: Alligator mississippiensis, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Help. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured October 2, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species / Pests / Invertebrates. Idaho State Department of Agriculture (Invasive Species of Idaho program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crotalus viridis species account. Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho State University (digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu). archived copy, captured April 22, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Illinois: 120 sources
- IDNR Mission Statement. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Snakes! (species gallery by family). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarletsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Kingsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Plains Ratsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Foxsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flat-headed Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Copperhead (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cottonmouth (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Wormsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-Necked Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-Bellied Mudsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kirtland's Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Green Watersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plain-bellied Watersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diamond-backed Watersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Graham's Crayfish Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queensnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekay's Brownsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Ribbonsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Gartersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lined Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Earthsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Illinois Species (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois species list). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (Health & Safety: Insects and Animals). Illinois Poison Center (Illinois Health and Hospital Association). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Watersnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Spiders! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse (Wild About Illinois Spiders: Family Sicariidae). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Black Widow (Wild About Illinois Spiders). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work (CDC/NIOSH). CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Lizards! (family and species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Five-lined Skink (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-Headed Skink (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Brown Skink (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-lined Racerunner (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler's Toad (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanchard's Cricket Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird-voiced Treefrog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog Complex (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trilling Chorus Frogs (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Illinois Chorus Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Leopard Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Turtles! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanding's Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Map Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ouachita Map Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- False Map Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Cooter (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ornate Box Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pond Slider (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Mud Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Mud Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Musk Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Softshell Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (Wild About Illinois Turtles). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Studying the striped bark scorpion (INHS video post). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Mar 12, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Endangered and Threatened Animals and Plants of Illinois (effective October 31, 2025). Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board / IDNR. Effective October 31, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Bark Scorpion (Biodiversity of Illinois). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). archived copy, captured March 3, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wasps! (species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Risky Encounters (Wildlife). University of Illinois Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Honey Bee (Wild About Illinois Bees). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees (Health & Safety: Insects and Animals). Illinois Poison Center (Illinois Health and Hospital Association). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Ticks!. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks (Structural Pest Control). Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast tick (Wild About Illinois Ticks). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquitos (Health & Safety: Insects and Animals). Illinois Poison Center (Illinois Health and Hospital Association). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Identified in Illinois (press release, Illinois Department of Agriculture, posted on the IDNR site). Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDOA), via dnr.illinois.gov. September 26, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Beetles!. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Paper Wasps (Illinois River Hort blog, Rhonda Ferree). University of Illinois Extension. August 21, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dangerous Encounters (Wildlife). University of Illinois Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Illinois Birds (IDNR list of the scientific name for each wild bird species found in Illinois). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). server Last-Modified 2023-01-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Bats. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Carnivores. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Furbearers. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Insectivores. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Lagomorphs. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Rodents. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: Nine-banded Armadillo. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Wild Mammals: White-tailed Deer. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Multi-agency monitoring leads to detection of young silver carp (IDNR news release). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). Friday, Aug. 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Large Carnivore Sightings (Wildlife Illinois). Wildlife Illinois, website authorized by IDNR (project W-147-T). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Armadillo Sightings (Wildlife Illinois). Wildlife Illinois, website authorized by IDNR (project W-147-T). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (Health & Safety: Insects and Animals). Illinois Poison Center (Illinois Health and Hospital Association). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies (Health & Safety: Insects and Animals). Illinois Poison Center (Illinois Health and Hospital Association). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Indiana: 42 sources
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles FAQs. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snakes of Indiana State Parks (brochure). Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Parks (Interpretive Services). brochure dated 9/2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in Indiana. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-72-W). Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology. November 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mediterranean Gecko. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wall Lizards. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Insects (Public Health and Medical Entomology). Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology. page copyright 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Social Bees and Wasps (E-44-W). Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology. September 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species - Invertebrates. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-04-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology. dateModified 2026-03-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lady Beetles. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nine-banded Armadillo. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcats. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-09-25; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals FAQs. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral / Wild Hog. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species - Vertebrates. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick). Indiana Department of Health. dateModified 2026-10-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species - Fish. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species - Invertebrates. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-04-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-04-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alpha-gal Syndrome. Indiana Department of Health. dateModified 2026-10-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Bite Prevention. Indiana Department of Health. dateModified 2026-09-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-09-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ixodes scapularis (Blacklegged tick). Indiana Department of Health. Page Last Reviewed/Updated: March 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick). Indiana Department of Health. Page last reviewed/updated: February 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick). Indiana Department of Health. dateModified 2026-09-29; checked November 3, 2026.
Iowa: 27 sources
- Mission, Vision & Leadership. Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2024-11-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Cool Things You Should Know About Snakes (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). October 28, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Cool Things You Should Know About Spiders (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). October 30, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Are Spiders Poisonous? (Yard and Garden). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published December 10, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spider in Iowa (Yard and Garden). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published July 26, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads (Iowa frog and toad calls). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2024-10-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Dog Tick (Yard and Garden encyclopedia). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published September 12, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks in Iowa (Yard and Garden). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published May 24, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Are Ticks Worse This Year? (Yard and Garden). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published May 24, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2025-10-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2026-04-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellowjacket Wasp (Yard and Garden encyclopedia). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. page dateModified 2026-02-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald-faced Hornets (Yard and Garden encyclopedia). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. last reviewed December 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick- and Mosquito-borne Diseases. Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (Iowa HHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases of the United States. CDC. archived copy, captured May 10, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (Iowa HHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species. Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2026-02-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dealing with Snakes Around Homes. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach (Natural Resource Ecology and Management). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- It's NOT a Rattlesnake! The Fox Snake-Iowa's most common large snake (in Iowa DNR News: Wildlife Diversity News, June 1, 2022). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR), via Iowa Publications Online. archived copy, captured July 22, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black bears becoming regular visitors in Northeast Iowa (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Occasional Wildlife Visitors. Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). sitemap lastmod 2025-12-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf found dead on the northwest edge of Davenport (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). February 23, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Things You Might not Know About Iowa's Turtles (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). September 8, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Help. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). archived copy, captured October 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Epi Update for Friday, May 1, 2026 (Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology). Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (Iowa HHS). May 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collard mountain lion appears on trail camera in northwest Iowa (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). August 19, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Kansas: 120 sources
- Threatened, Endangered & Species in Need of Conservation (KDWP). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas: home page. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 1999-2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- SQUAMATA (PART-SNAKES) - Snakes (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Common Glossy Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: North American Racer. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Prairie Kingsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated May 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Milksnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Speckled Kingsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Milksnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Common Coachwhip. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Northern Rough Greensnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Smooth Greensnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Great Plains Ratsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Ratsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Gophersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated March 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Long-nosed Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 20, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Great Plains Groundsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated May 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Flat-headed Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 25, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Plains Black-headed Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 25, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Copperhead. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Broad-banded Copperhead. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Northern Cottonmouth. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Timber Rattlesnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Prairie Rattlesnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Massasauga. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Biological Toxins employed by the Kansas Herpetofauna (Toxins/Snakebite). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated January 23, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Wormsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Ring-necked Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Hog-nosed Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Hog-nosed Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 25, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Chihuahuan Nightsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 25, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Kansas Snakes, Sixth Edition (Collins, Collins & Taggart). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. Sixth Edition; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Texas Threadsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated May 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Plain-bellied Watersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Diamond-backed Watersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Common Watersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Graham's Crawfish Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Dekay's Brownsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Red-bellied Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Checkered Gartersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Ribbonsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Plains Gartersnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Lined Snake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Rough Earthsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Smooth Earthsnake. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Common Kansas Spiders (Guarisco). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. Copyright 2017 Great Plains Nature Center; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spiders (Kansas Structural Pests), MF3133. K-State Research and Extension (Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service). April 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow Spiders, MF3346. K-State Research and Extension (Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service). March 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- SQUAMATA (PART-OTHER LIZARDS) - Other Lizards (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Kansas Amphibians, Turtles and Lizards (Taggart & Riedle). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. First Edition; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Slender Glass Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Collared Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Mediterranean House Gecko. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Green Lacerta. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated October 4, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Italian Wall Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Common Lesser Earless Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Texas Horned Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Prairie Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated May 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Coal Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 7, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Common Five-lined Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Broad-headed Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Great Plains Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Prairie Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Little Brown Skink. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated March 14, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Six-lined Racerunner. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 3, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- ANURA - Frogs (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: American Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 13, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Great Plains Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated January 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Chihuahuan Green Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 13, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Fowler's Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Red-spotted Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Woodhouse's Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated September 4, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Blanchard's Cricket Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated January 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Cope's Gray Treefrog/Gray. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Spotted Chorus Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Spring Peeper. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Boreal Chorus Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated March 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Strecker's Chorus Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated September 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Narrow-mouthed Toad. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated March 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Crawfish Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Plains Leopard Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: North American Bullfrog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: North American Green Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Pickerel Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Southern Leopard Frog. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Plains Spadefoot. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- TESTUDINES - Turtles (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: North American Snapping Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Alligator Snapping Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Painted Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Northern Map Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Ouachita Map Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: False Map Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 5, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: River Cooter. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Ornate Box Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 8, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Three-toed Box Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated July 8, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Pond Slider. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated September 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Yellow Mud Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 21, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Musk Turtle. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Smooth Softshell. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Spiny Softshell. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Household Pests of Kansas, MF3291 (Davis & Whitworth). K-State Research and Extension (Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service). July 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outdoor Health and Safety (KDWP). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Common Kansas Backyard Birds (Otte & Gress). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. print file dated 8/27/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Kansas Raptors, Third Edition (Gress). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. Third Edition; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas: home page. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order ARTIODACTYLA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order CARNIVORA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order CHIROPTERA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order CINGULATA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order EULIPOTYPHLA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order LAGOMORPHA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order DIDELPHIMORPHIA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Mammal Atlas species list, order RODENTIA. Kansas Mammal Atlas, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species (KDWP). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: American Alligator. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated June 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Sightings (KDWP). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Keep Wildlife Wild (KDWP). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Kentucky: 54 sources
- Snakes (Snakes of Kentucky). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured August 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kentucky Snakes (booklet). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured January 21, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Urban Spider Chart (Entfact supplement). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Issued: 1/10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders Found Around Homes and Buildings (Entfact 622). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spider (Entfact 631). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Overview of Frogs and Toad Species in Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured November 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barking Treefrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird Voiced Treefrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanchards Cricket Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copes Gray Treefrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Gray Treefrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Narrow mouthed Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowlers Toad (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Midland Chorus Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Chorus Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Crawfish Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cricket Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Leopard Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upland Chorus Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (KDFWR frog and toad identification guide). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured June 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions in Kentucky (Entfact 633). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Imported Fire Ants in Kentucky (Entfact 469). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-469: Imported Fire Ants in Kentucky (second-pass copy). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Issued: 02/23 Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Controlling Wasps, Hornets, and Yellowjackets (Entfact 620). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Foraging Yellowjackets (Entfact 634). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet in Kentucky (Entfact 600). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (Entfact 442). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 1/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blister Beetles (Entfact 102). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks in Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured March 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-003: Stinging Caterpillars. University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds in Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KY SWAP SGCN species search: birds. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NPSpecies checklist, Mammoth Cave National Park (Kentucky): birds. National Park Service (NPSpecies). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured October 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats of Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured September 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyotes. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured July 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bears. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured September 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk History in Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Small Mammals of Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). archived copy, captured May 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- KY SWAP SGCN species search: mammals. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NPSpecies checklist, Mammoth Cave National Park (Kentucky): mammals. National Park Service (NPSpecies). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Collection Info: Osteopilus septentrionalis in Kentucky. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Collection Info: Alligator mississippiensis in Kentucky. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Animals, Bites, and Stings (Poison Help FAQ). U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Poison Help. archived copy, captured July 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Louisiana: 70 sources
- About Us. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Coachwhip Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Gartersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Wormsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Dekay's Brownsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Diamond-backed Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Copperhead. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Hog-nosed Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Ribbonsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Flat-headed Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Glossy Swampsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Graham's Crawfish Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Harlequin Coralsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Louisiana Pinesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Mississippi Green Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: North American Racer. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Northern Cottonmouth. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Northern Mole Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Pine Woods Littersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Plain-bellied Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Prairie Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Pygmy Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Rainbow Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Red cornsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Red-bellied Mudsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Red-bellied Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Ring-necked Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Rough Earthsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Rough Greensnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Saltmarsh Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Scarlet Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Scarlet Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Smooth Earthsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Southeastern Crowned Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Southern Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Speckled Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Timber Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Milksnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Ratsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Ribbonsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Wormsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loxosceles spp., Brown Recluse and Mediterranean Recluse Spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). April 1, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Latrodectus mactans and L. variolus, Southern and Northern Black Widow Spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). November 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Latrodectus geometricus, Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). November 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- LDWF species profile: Texas Brown Tarantula. archived copy, captured August 22, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kukulcania hibernalis, Southern House Spider (Araneae: Filistatidae). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). 3/29/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roots, Shoots, Fruits & Flowers: Holiday Cactus, Damaged Camellia, Stump Borer, a Native Lizard, and Cucumber Beetles. LSU AgCenter, Keith Hawkins. August 29, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana Critter Corner: Mediterranean Gecko (June 2013). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service), Dr. Don Reed. June 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- LDWF species profile: Southern Unstriped Scorpion. archived copy, captured April 21, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- LDWF species profile: Red Imported Fire Ant. archived copy, captured December 5, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bug Biz: Pest Management and Insect Identification Series - Puss Moth Caterpillar. LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). January 25, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing Bugs of Louisiana: Biology, Identification and Prevention (P4037, PDF). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). 2026 (file code AG0426r1; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2 nuisance caterpillars are out in greater numbers this year. LSU AgCenter (news release; Tim Schowalter, LSU AgCenter entomologist). June 1, 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing Bugs of Louisiana - Biology, Identification and Prevention. LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). April 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Injured and Orphaned Wildlife. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana BearWise. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Saltwater Finfish (seasons, size and bag limits; prohibited species). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outlaw Quadrupeds. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nuisance Alligators. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana Poison Center. LSU Health Shreveport (Louisiana Poison Center, state poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Maine: 92 sources
- Listed Species (Maine Endangered and Threatened Species). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles & Amphibians: Species Information. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekays Brownsnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Bellied Snake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring Necked Snake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Got Pests? Spiders. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry (Board of Pesticides Control). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick and Mosquito Frequently Asked Questions. Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Dog Tick. University of Maine Cooperative Extension Tick Lab. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lone Star Tick. University of Maine Cooperative Extension Tick Lab. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blandings Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Musk Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pond Slider (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Turtle (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maine 2025 State Wildlife Action Plan, Element 1 (Final, 2026-03-10). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Final 2026-03-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Browntail Moth—Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Got Pests?). Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Threats to Maine's Forests and Trees. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry, Maine Forest Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Faced Hornet (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornets Wasps And Yellowjackets (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Flies (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Deer Flies (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector-borne diseases. Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hickory Tussock Moth (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lymantria Dispar (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Longhorned Beetle (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Health Advisory 2026PHADV008: Browntail moth. Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine DHHS). Maine Health Alert Network advisory, May 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Official List of Maine Birds. Maine Bird Records Committee. see page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beaver (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bog Lemming (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada Lynx (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Deer (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Gray Squirrel (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ermine (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marten (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Masked Shrew (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Meadow Vole (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Muskrat (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Opossum (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Porcupine (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Squirrel (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Otter (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Star Nosed Mole (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Footed Mouse (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodchuck (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Chipmunk (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flying Squirrel (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Foxes (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottontail Snowshoe Hare (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats (mammal species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Large Whale Species Of New England (DMR species information). Maine Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Seals (DMR species information). Maine Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals: Species Information. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Shark Research. Maine Department of Marine Resources. archived copy, captured July 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yearly Worldwide Shark Attack Summary (2020). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida (International Shark Attack File). archived copy, captured March 1, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptile, Amphibian, and Invertebrate Conservation & Management (Research and Management Report). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. see document date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Crabs (DMR species information). Maine Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Shore Crab (DMR species information). Maine Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maine Amphibian and Reptile Atlas Project. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Reptiles, Maine. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maine DMR Urges Swimmers, Paddlers and Surfers to be Shark Safe This Summer. Maine Department of Marine Resources. news release 2024-07-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern New England Poison Center - Serving Maine, New Hampshire & Vermont. Northern New England Poison Center (regional poison control center serving Maine). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Protected Species In The Gulf Of Maine (DMR species information). Maine Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Maryland: 53 sources
- Maryland's Wildlife Species. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured September 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plain-bellied Watersnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queensnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Earthsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Earthsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured January 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekay’s Brownsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured April 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-Necked Snake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Wormsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured March 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Cornsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ratsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarletsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Copperhead (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured January 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland Snakes (field guide). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured July 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Pinesnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Maryland Spiders. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured December 25, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in Maryland. University of Maryland Extension. updated February 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- What you need to know about Bites and Stings. Maryland Poison Center (University of Maryland School of Pharmacy). Revised 07/2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Maryland - Maryland's Wild Acres. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured March 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland's Frogs and Toads (field guide). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland's Turtles & Tortoises (field guide). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured July 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive and Exotic Species in Maryland: Animals. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Identification & Management. Maryland Department of Agriculture. as of 2025 per page text; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Maryland Bees. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured December 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- 7 Unforgettable Cases Managed by the Maryland Poison Center (eAntidote). Maryland Poison Center. June 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars on Shrubs. University of Maryland Extension. archived copy, captured June 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks. Maryland Department of Health / Carroll County Health Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDH urges Marylanders to guard against tickborne diseases. Maryland Department of Health. May 3, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds of Maryland. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Official List of the Birds of Maryland. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Maryland. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Problems. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured August 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Facts. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured October 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fish Facts: Spiny Dogfish Shark. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- COMAR 08.02.22.02 Recreational Shark Fishery. Library of Maryland Regulations. as fetched 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland Guide to Fishing and Crabbing: Sharks. Maryland DNR guide, hosted by eRegulations. updated September 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Nettles Forecast. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland Critters that Bite and Sting (eAntidote). Maryland Poison Center. June 17, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Maryland. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator - Collections (state=MD). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. query run 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured October 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Massachusetts: 27 sources
- Frequently asked questions about rattlesnakes in MA. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured June 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about timber rattlesnakes. MassWildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. archived copy, captured March 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about copperheads. MassWildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. archived copy, captured May 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- It’s Spider Season on Cape Cod (a note from Larry Dapsis, Extension’s County Entomologist). Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, Barnstable County. archived copy, captured October 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick-borne Diseases. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences. archived copy, captured September 30, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Freshwater Turtles of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquito-borne Diseases. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences. archived copy, captured September 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- State Agricultural Officials Provide Update About Spotted Lanternfly in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR). archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Landscape: Yellowjackets (fact sheet). UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst. archived copy, captured January 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird List for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Bradford G. Blodget, State Ornithologist). Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured April 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about black bears. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured May 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prevent conflicts with coyotes. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured April 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark research in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF). archived copy, captured July 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Creature Feature: White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF). archived copy, captured March 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Nursery Areas in the Coastal Waters of Massachusetts (G. B. Skomal, DMF; American Fisheries Society Symposium 50, 2007). Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF), hosted on mass.gov. archived copy, captured September 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- MarineFisheries Advisory: Important reminder for recreational shark fishers. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF). archived copy, captured September 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Safety at Cape Cod. National Park Service, Cape Cod National Seashore. updated August 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eared Slider - Collections (Massachusetts). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Agkistrodon piscivorus (Cottonmouth) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. see revision date in text; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator - Collections (Massachusetts). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about coyotes. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marine Turtles of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured September 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Help home page. U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Poison Help. archived copy, captured October 2, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Wildlife. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured April 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Michigan: 28 sources
- When encountering Michigan's snakes, best to leave them be. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 31, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- DNR urges public to give eastern massasauga rattlesnake its space. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisonous Spiders of Michigan: Identification, Bite Symptoms and Treatment (Extension Bulletin E-674). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service. March 1970; checked November 3, 2026.
- Update on brown recluse spiders in Michigan (MSU Extension). Michigan State University Extension. archived copy, captured December 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Borne Illnesses in Michigan (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2765). Michigan Department of Community Health; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Agriculture; Michigan State University Extension. Issued 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards and salamanders (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vertebrate Wildlife Species of the Upper Peninsula: A Tentative List Compiled by the Michigan DNR and MSU Extension. Michigan DNR and MSU Extension (MSU Upper Peninsula Forestry Extension Office). MSU Upper Peninsula Forestry Extension Office 4/2000; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Abstract for Aspidoscelis sexlineatus (Six-lined racerunner). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MSU Extension). Boyer and Lee 2026, Species Abstract; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and toads (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured December 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDARD encourages Michiganders to watch for spotted lanternfly this summer. Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. June 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Lesson in Respect: Bald-faced Hornets. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. September 30, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDARD Confirms First Case of Eastern Equine Encephalitis for 2025 in a Benzie County Horse. Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. August 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Checklist (Michigan Bird Records Committee). Michigan Bird Records Committee. Updated 7 July 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolves in Michigan (Michigan DNR). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan has two fox species. Have you seen the gray one?. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. July 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: How Michigan can live with black bears. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. August 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mystery solved: Elusive cougar cubs documented again in Michigan. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. December 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Administrative Code R 299.1021-299.1028: Endangered and Threatened Species. Michigan Department of Natural Resources (via Michigan Office of Administrative Hearings and Rules). 2023 MR 6, Eff. March 20, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Squirrels that can fly?. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. June 6, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: The fight to save Michigan's bats. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with cougars (Michigan DNR). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured August 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS collection info: American alligator in Michigan. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Abstract for Sistrurus catenatus (Eastern massasauga). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MSU Extension). Lee et al. 2026, Species Abstract; checked November 3, 2026.
Minnesota: 65 sources
- Reptiles / Amphibians of Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes and Lizards of Minnesota (EWR_448_18). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program. ©2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rare Species Guide: Massasauga. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoiding and Treating Timber Rattlesnake Bites (Updated 2020). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Updated 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (Entomology Fact Sheet No. 49-1979), C. Richard Biege and Mark E. Ascerno. University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service (archived in the UMN Digital Conservancy). 1979 (historical publication; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeffrey Hahn et al.). archived copy, captured August 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? wolfspiders. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? fishingspider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? blackandyellowargiope. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? yellow-sac-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? dark-fishing-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? common-house-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? cellar-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? barn-funnel-weaver. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? parson-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? woodlouse-spider. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minnesota Rules 6134.0200 Animal Species (endangered, threatened, special concern). Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes (rules of the Minnesota DNR). Published Electronically: October 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites, Stings, and Other Things. Minnesota Poison Control System (Hennepin Healthcare; certified Regional Poison Center). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American toad. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured July 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canadian toad. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great plains toad. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanchard's Cricket Frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope's gray treefrog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray treefrog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring peeper. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western/Boreal chorus frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured February 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern leopard frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- False map turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern map turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ouachita map turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell Turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rare Species Guide: Wood Turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rare Species Guide: Smooth Softshell. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured February 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rare Species Guide: North American Snapping Turtle. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured March 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? yellowjackets. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? bald-faced-hornet. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? paper-wasps. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? honey-bee. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? bumble-bees. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? cicadakiller. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? maskedhunter. University of Minnesota Extension (Jeff Hahn). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive terrestrial animals. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus (Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes). Minnesota Department of Health. updated December 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks (Tickborne Diseases). Minnesota Department of Health. updated June 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Birds of Minnesota (October 2024). Minnesota Ornithologists' Union Records Committee. October 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals in Minnesota (complete list linked from the DNR Mammals page). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black bear. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with bears. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougars in Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Animals of Concern for Rabies. Minnesota Department of Health. updated October 20, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- European wild boar / Eurasian swine. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive aquatic animals. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife: Snakes. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolves in Minnesota (DNR wolf page). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured October 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Minnesota DNR. archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- How do I report an invasive terrestrial animal?. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Mississippi: 37 sources
- About Us. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing Snake Problems Around Homes (Publication 2277). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2277 (POD-10-20 on PDF; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Mississippi. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottonmouth (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Alive! How to Identify Hazardous Snakes (Publication 3529). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 3529; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pygmy Rattlesnake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canebrake Rattlesnake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coral Snake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse and Black Widow Spiders (Publication 2154). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2154; checked November 3, 2026.
- Control Household Insect Pests (Publication 2443). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2443; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Devil Scorpion, Bug's Eye View Vol. 4, No. 30. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Bark Scorpion (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fire Ant Facts. Mississippi State University Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Fire Ant Sting. Mississippi State University Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Puss Caterpillar, Bug's Eye View Vol. 7, No. 19. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging caterpillars are active in the state. Mississippi State University Extension Service. April 21, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Velvet Ant, Bug's Eye View Vol. 5, No. 22. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Animals of Mississippi. Mississippi Regional Poison Control Center (University of Mississippi Medical Center); hosted by the Mississippi State Department of Health. archived copy, captured February 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird Checklists of the United States: Mississippi (Checklist of Birds of Mississippi, compiled by the Mississippi Ornithological Society Bird Records Committee, April 1997). U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. archived copy, captured June 25, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Annotated Checklist of the Recent Mammals of Mississippi (Jones and Carter; Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, No. 128). The Museum, Texas Tech University (co-author C. H. Carter, Mississippi Museum of Natural Science); linked as a download from the MMNS Mammals Collections page. published 1989-06-30; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear Program. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bears. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Hog Program. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats and rabies fact sheet. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Identification Guide to Sharks of Mississippi (Hoffmayer, Franks, Shelley, Higgs and Hendon). The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, Center for Fisheries Research and Development (developed with support from the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources and USFWS Sport Fish Restoration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish and Siphonophores. National Park Service, Gulf Islands National Seashore. updated December 9, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- State Saltwater Records: Conventional. Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi State Management Plan for Aquatic Invasive Species (Final Draft). Mississippi Aquatic Invasive Species Task Force; hosted by MDWFP. March 20, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kathy's Journal: Vertebrates of the Mississippi Gulf Coast (Book VI, Marine Discovery Series). Della McCaughan and Zan Skelton; hosted by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. 1984; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast Fisherman, Issue 17, Spring 2020. Mississippi State University Extension Service. Spring 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Recovery of the American Alligator in Mississippi. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (Mississippi Threatened & Endangered Species). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Missouri: 22 sources
- Snake Facts (MDC Wildlife Facts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Snakes (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Common Spiders (MDC publication E00455). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Frogs and toads (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Turtles (MDC publication E00468). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "1/2023 E00468"; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Turtles (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Land Invertebrates and Butterflies and Moths (selected species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Safety Concerns > Venomous (14 results). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes, Spiders and Stinging Insects in Missouri (Missouri Poison Center). Missouri Poison Center (SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital), Missouri's poison-control program. published 2021-10-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Giant Water Bugs. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Enjoying Missouri Birds (MDC publication W00002), incl. "Seasonal List of the Standard Birds of Missouri". Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 1997-2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Birds (206 results; species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Common Mammals (MDC publication E00500). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Mammals (47 results; species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Statuses > Invasive (61 results). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Spongy Moth. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Spotted Lanternfly. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- S2E4 Snakes Podcast Transcript (MDC Nature Boost / podcast transcript). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database: Alligator mississippiensis occurrences, state=MO (API v2). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Montana: 33 sources
- Contact Us. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured October 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured May 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montana Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians (family species lists). Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake Safe in Montana (MontGuide MT202201AG). Montana State University Extension. Revised January 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Hog-nosed Snake - Heterodon nasicus. Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured February 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montana Field Guide: Spiders class Arachnida (family species lists). Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured December 3, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hobo Spiders. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Urban Spiders of Montana. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widows in Montana. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider Identification and Management (MontGuide MT199210 AG). Montana State University Extension. Reviewed 3/05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Scorpion - Paruroctonus boreus. Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured October 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montana Field Guide: Insects, selected families only. Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Social Wasps in Montana. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Illnesses. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured May 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Montana. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- It's Tick Season (fact sheet). Montana State University Extension. May 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blister Beetles in the Yard and Garden. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montana Field Guide: Birds (family species lists). Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured March 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montana Field Guide: Mammals (family species lists). Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured May 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Short-tailed Shrew - Blarina brevicauda. Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- All About Bears. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured September 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bats. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured February 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- AIS Species Identification Guide. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured May 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bears in Montana. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured June 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Conservation & Management Program. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Boar - Sus scrofa. Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Giant Hornet and Look-Alikes. Montana State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Control and Prevention. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured August 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be Bear Aware. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured October 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report a suspected AIS. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured May 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Nebraska: 26 sources
- Contact Us. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured August 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nebraska's Venomous Snakes. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NEBRASKAland Magazine; by Monica Macoubrie, Wildlife Education Specialist). July 11, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured October 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chapter 10, Nongame Species In Need Of Conservation. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (Nebraska Administrative Code, Chapter 10; copy hosted by UNL). Effective Date: 06/04/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured November 15, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Massasauga. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured November 15, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Identification Guide to Common Spiders in Nebraska (EC1590). Nebraska Extension. Published 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured October 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured July 20, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured December 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nebraska Has Scorpions?. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NEBRASKAland Magazine blog). archived copy, captured September 17, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured October 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Wasps and Bees (G1447). Nebraska Extension. NebGuide G1447; checked November 3, 2026.
- Residential Mosquito Control (G2037). Nebraska Extension. NebGuide G2037, undated in HTML view; checked November 3, 2026.
- Medically Important Ticks of Nebraska. Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured July 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nebraska Ticks & Prevention (Tick Tag Go). University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Nebraska One Health, Tick Tag Go). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Insect Species List. Nebraska Invasive Species Council. updated February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Threatened and Endangered Species. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured May 19, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Birds of Nebraska. Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Nebraska: Checklist, Key, and Bibliography. University of Nebraska State Museum (Genoways et al.). 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain lion removed from Scottsbluff subdivision. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured May 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Wildlife Species List. Nebraska Invasive Species Council. updated February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 012 Aquatic Invasive Species Regulations. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (Title 163, Chapter 2, 012 Aquatic Invasive Species Regulations; copy hosted by NISC). file name dated August 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured June 15, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nebraska Regional Poison Center. Nebraska Regional Poison Center. archived copy, captured October 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources / School of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Nevada: 190 sources
- Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Rattlesnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Reptiles of Nevada (replaces SP-07-07; University of Nevada Extension SP-20-13 / NDOW brochure). Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) with University of Nevada, Reno Extension. 2020 per University of Nevada Extension citation; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mojave Green Rattlesnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sidewinder - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Diamondback Rattlesnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2022 Nevada State Wildlife Action Plan, Appendix E: Species Accounts (includes "2022 SGCN List"). Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Gopher Snake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smith’s Black-headed Snake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Snake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Commission Regulation 19-02, 2019 & 2020 Noncommercial Collection Seasons & Limits for Live, Unprotected Reptiles & Amphibians (NDOW memo and table). Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) / Nevada Board of Wildlife Commissioners. memo dated October 11, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Lake Mead National Recreation Area. National Park Service. page "Last updated: January 30, 2024"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mojave Shovel-nosed Snake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Rubber Boa - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Leaf-nosed Snake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Threadsnake - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nevada Administrative Code Chapter 503: Hunting, Fishing and Trapping; Miscellaneous Protective Measures. Nevada Legislature (regulations of the Board of Wildlife Commissioners). file header "Rev. 10/22/2025"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Don't Be Spooked! Guide to Common Nevada Spiders (Santana and Jensen). University of Nevada, Reno Extension. 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Publication 06-08: Identification of Common Landscape Pests and Beneficial Organisms in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chuckwalla - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Horned Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Iguana - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Night Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Collared Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Fence Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Short-horned Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-nosed Leopard Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mojave Fringe-toed Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pygmy Short-horned Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Brush Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Red-tailed Skink - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra-tailed Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shasta Alligator Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sierra Alligator Lizard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Banded Gecko - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mediterranean House Gecko - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster (blog). Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amargosa Toad - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arizona Toad - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbia Spotted Frog - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Spadefoot - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Plains Toad - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-spotted Toad - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Relict Leopard Frog - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Toad - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Tortoise - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Pond Turtle - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eared Slider - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2022 Nevada State Wildlife Action Plan (The 2022-2032 Wildlife Action Plan). Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquito Surveillance. Southern Nevada Health District. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Avocet - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Barn Owl - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bittern - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Coot - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crow - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Dipper - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird List - Great Basin National Park. National Park Service. list last updated 2017 per page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Goshawk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American White Pelican - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Wigeon - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Eagle - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bank Swallow - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bell’s Vireo - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bendire’s Thrasher - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Rosy-Finch - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Tern - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-billed Magpie - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-chinned Sparrow - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-crowned Night Heron - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobolink - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Quail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Spotted Owl - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada Goose - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canvasback - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cassin’s Finch - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chukar - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Nighthawk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Raven - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dusky Grouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian Collared-Dove - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Starling - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ferruginous Hawk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gadwall - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gambel’s Quail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Eagle - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Willow Flycatcher - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Blue Heron - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Roadrunner - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Sage-Grouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Sandhill Crane - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater White-fronted Goose - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green-winged Teal - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Himalayan Snowcock - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Finch - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hungarian Partridge - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Killdeer - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lazuli Bunting - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Scaup - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mallard - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Bluebird - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Quail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mourning Dove - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Flicker - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Harrier - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pintail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Shoveler - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Osprey - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Peregrine Falcon - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Phainopepla - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pinyon Jay - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Falcon - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-winged Blackbird - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Redhead - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Duck - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Pheasant - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock Pigeon - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ross’s Goose - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruffed Grouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snow Goose - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sooty Grouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trumpeter Swan - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tundra Swan - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Rail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Burrowing Owl - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged Dove - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Turkey - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson’s Snipe - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Duck - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Allen’s Big-eared Bat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Badger - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Mink - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-tailed Jackrabbit - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Bighorn Sheep - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cave Myotis - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark Kangaroo Mouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Bighorn Sheep - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Cottontail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Kangaroo Rat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Shrew - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Fox - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kit Fox - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Brown Bat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mexican Free-tailed Bat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (Shiras Moose) - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Goat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mule Deer - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Muskrat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Beaver - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American River Otter - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Flying Squirrel - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Grasshopper Mouse - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pika - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Porcupine - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pronghorn Antelope - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pygmy Rabbit - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringtail - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rocky Mountain Elk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Bat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Long-eared Bat - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Spotted Skunk - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Antelope Squirrel - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Jackrabbit - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-bellied Marmot - Species Information. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bats. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bears. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- AIS Threats to Nevada's Waters: Quagga/Zebra Mussels and New Zealand Mudsnails. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). uploaded 2021-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species list for Nevada (all-groups first page, plus Mollusks and Reptiles group queries). U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Rattlesnakes. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Season Underway Across Nevada - Safety Tips & ID Guide. Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator - Collections, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector Control. Clark County, Nevada, Public Works Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Help. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). archived copy, captured October 2, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
New Hampshire: 78 sources
- Snakes of NH (old site page). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Garter Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Water Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Ringneck Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milk Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hognose Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Red Bellied Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ribbon Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Green Snake (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Is that snake or spider poisonous?. Northern New England Poison Center. Posted July 10, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow: Poisons A to Z. Northern New England Poison Center. updated May 2, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse: Poisons A to Z. Northern New England Poison Center. updated March 4, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Amphibians and Reptiles of NH (old site). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured April 14, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured November 10, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowlers Toad (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Tree Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullfrog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS collection info, species 57, New Hampshire. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured October 14, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blandings Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Musk Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Painted Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Turtle (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured March 30, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases. NH Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured July 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Biology and Management of Ticks in New Hampshire. UNH Cooperative Extension. Revised February 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Controlling Wasps, Bees and Hornets Around Your Home. UNH Cooperative Extension. Reformatted February 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Browntail Moth. NHBugs (UNH Cooperative Extension, NH Division of Forests and Lands, NH Department of Agriculture). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoid the itch to touch Browntail Moth caterpillars. NH Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. archived copy, captured June 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Arrives in New Hampshire: What Farmers Should Know. UNH Cooperative Extension. September 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species and climate change. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Hampshire Species of Greatest Conservation Need (2025). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured October 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of NH (PDF). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquito and Tick Borne Disease Guidance (Health Officer Manual). NH Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured October 31, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Breeding Bird Trends (old site). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured January 15, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Occurring in NH. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured September 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured May 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured July 17, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coyote (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured July 31, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured March 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Tailed Deer (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured December 16, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beaver (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowshoe Hare (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Marten (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- New England Cottontail (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured January 2, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Brown Bat (Species Occurring in NH). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Furbearer hunting and trapping. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured May 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife FAQs. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine in New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bears Frequently Asked Questions. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- An outdoor enthusiast's guide to wildlife diseases. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Why are we seeing more white sharks and seals in the Gulf of Maine?. New Hampshire Sea Grant / UNH Cooperative Extension. August 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Safety and Facts for New Hampshire. New Hampshire Sea Grant / UNH Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Dogfish. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maine and New Hampshire 2016 M_MAMMAL_PT (Marine Mammal Points). NOAA Fisheries / NOAA InPort. Updated July 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Section 7 Species Presence Table: Sea Turtles in the Greater Atlantic Region. NOAA Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS collection info, species 156, New Hampshire. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lions in New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured August 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- NH Wildlife Action Plan Appendix A: Mammals. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured November 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats in New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured November 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Speaking for Wildlife: Reptiles and Amphibians of New Hampshire (presenter script). University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
New Jersey: 28 sources
- New Jersey's Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. archived copy, captured August 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Importance (FS1121). Rutgers Cooperative Extension (NJAES). May 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jorō Spider: Description, Behavior, and Contrast with Similar Species (FS1386). Rutgers Cooperative Extension (NJAES). February 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. NJ Poison Control Center (NJPIES), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Animals and Pests. NJDEP. archived copy, captured February 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Lizards. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated February 17, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Toads and Frogs. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Turtles. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. New Jersey Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey's Mammals. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bears in New Jersey. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured July 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marine Life of New Jersey: Marine Fish of New Jersey. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured August 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roughtail Stingray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bluntnose Stingray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cownose Ray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated May 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlantic Stingray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Stingray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Eagle Ray species profile (Discover Fishes). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated May 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish Facts. NOAA National Ocean Service. updated September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Nettle Management (Barnegat Bay). NJDEP. updated February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS records: Cuban treefrog, New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS records: lionfish, New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS records: American alligator, New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
New Mexico: 46 sources
- Living With Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2026-10-26; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Carlsbad Caverns National Park. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - White Sands National Park. National Park Service. updated September 24, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Snakes: Information for New Mexico Homeowners (Circular 541). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised and electronically distributed July 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030400: Yellow-bellied watersnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated April 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030300: Ground Snake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated February 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - El Malpais National Monument. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030161: Sidewinder Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030174: Banded Rock Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated April 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico's Venomous Snakes: Facts, Prevention, and First Aid Advice (brochure). New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030154: Eastern Black-tailed Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 22, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030165: Mojave Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030130: Western Massasauga. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous & Toxic Creatures of New Mexico (brochure). New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences Center). brochure "23" in file name; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument. National Park Service. updated March 20, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum) Recovery Plan. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). 5 April 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Anura". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 020095: Sonoran Desert Toad. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated July 7, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Scorpiones". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- New World Screwworm. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2026-06-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus. New Mexico Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plague. New Mexico Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Guide L-110: Honey Bees in New Mexico. New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised January 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species and Diseases. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2026-08-31; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Aves". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Large Predators in New Mexico (2016). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hantavirus Frequently Asked Questions. New Mexico Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plague Frequently Asked Questions. New Mexico Department of Health. May 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. New Mexico Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030022: Mediterranean Gecko. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species: Reptiles species list for New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 020005: Bullfrog. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated May 22, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2026-06-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 300400: Brown Recluse Spider. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). booklet updated prior to 6/21/2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Keeping Bears Alive and Yourself Safe (brochure). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (Wildlife Species Information). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2022-11-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Petroglyph National Monument. National Park Service. updated September 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome. New Mexico Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
New York: 40 sources
- Amphibians and Reptiles. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured May 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New York (Environmental Information Series). SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New York: A Sampler of Our Most Commonly Seen Species. NYSDEC, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New York snakes leaflet (lesser-seen species). NYSDEC, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Conservationist for Kids: amphibians and reptiles. NYSDEC. file 0220c4kherps.pdf; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider FAQs One Two Three. New York State Integrated Pest Management, Cornell University. March 10, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be Tick Free - A Guide for Preventing Lyme Disease. New York State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coal Skink Guide. New York Natural Heritage Program. guide last updated November 30, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- NYSDEC Herp Atlas Project: Turtles Distribution Map. NYSDEC. atlas survey 1990-1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Insects (Think IPM Blog tag page). New York State Integrated Pest Management, Cornell University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus (WNV). New York State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies: What to Know. New York State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be BearWise. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured September 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote Conflicts. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need status assessments: Sharks, Skates, and Rays. NYSDEC. file hpsgcnsharskat.pdf, 2015 SWAP cycle; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Public Safety. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What is a lionfish?. NOAA National Ocean Service. updated September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Snakehead. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Crab. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured April 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian Boar. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured June 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured January 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species: reptiles, New York. USGS. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species: amphibians, New York. USGS. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator collections, New York. USGS. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cougar. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured June 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured April 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upstate New York Poison Center. SUNY Upstate Medical University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be Shark Smart! flyer. NYSDEC. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marine Mammals Of New York. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
North Carolina: 74 sources
- North Carolina's State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) page. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 SWAP approved by USFWS January 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Water Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Swamp Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pigmy Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Viperidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Watersnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Corn Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Elapidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottonmouth (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Garter Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hognose Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mud Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbon Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glossy Crayfish Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mole Kingsnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Racer (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pine Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Woods Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queen Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rainbow Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species catalog, category filter snakes ("A selection of species found in North Carolina"). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Earth Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in and Around Homes. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 1, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured September 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-Headed Skink (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coal Skink (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-Lined Skink (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions in North Carolina. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Oct. 1, 1984; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Imported Fire Ant in North Carolina. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: June 20, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Saddleback Caterpillar. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- NCDA&CS confirms first finding of yellow-legged hornet in the state, asks beekeepers to watch for predator hornet (press release). N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. July 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-2 BIRDS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-6 MAMMALS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Armadillo, Nine-Banded (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bat (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Proclamation FF-3-2026: Shark - Commercial and Recreational - Opening Date and Harvest Restrictions. N.C. Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Marine Fisheries. effective 12:01 A.M., January 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species - species list for North Carolina (by group). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Apple Snails Now Confirmed in North Carolina (press release). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. October 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator, American (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coexist with Snakes (Coexist-Snakes.pdf). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes of North Carolina / Rattlesnake Sightings Wanted (NCPARC, NCWRC). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (Species Profiles). N.C. Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Marine Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cougar (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Animals, Bites, and Stings (FAQ). U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Poison Help. archived copy, captured July 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Have a Wildlife Problem?. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Expect to See Snakes as the Weather Warms (press release). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. May 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birdwatching. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
North Dakota: 31 sources
- Contact Us. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of North Dakota (by Sandra Johnson). North Dakota Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured July 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (Opheodrys vernalis) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Racer (Coluber constrictor) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Milksnake (Lampropeltis gentilis) - North Dakota Herp Atlas. North Dakota Herp Atlas (NDSU / North Dakota Game and Fish collaboration). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Safety - Theodore Roosevelt National Park. National Park Service, Theodore Roosevelt National Park. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- North Dakota Tick Surveillance Program Annual Report 2024. North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Laboratory Services. 2024 annual report; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus About. North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured October 31, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Threatened and Endangered Species. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. page states "Last updated 5/2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases. North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services. archived copy, captured September 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of North Dakota Birds. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. originally produced April 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- North Dakota State Wildlife Action Plan 2025. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Game Species, Common Fish Species, Etc.. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) and Species of Greatest Information Need (SGIN): Full List. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. 2025 State Wildlife Action Plan list; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies FAQs. North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ANS Species List. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS). North Dakota Game and Fish Department. page shows ANS news dated 10/27/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orphaned and Injured Animals. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Natural History Calendar. North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Ohio: 11 sources
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (HYG-2073). Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline); co-authors from the Ohio Department of Health. June 6, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Eric R. Eaton). PUBLICATION 5488; checked November 3, 2026.
- Official OOS Ohio Bird Checklist. Ohio Ornithological Society. "456 species as of July 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS collection info: American alligator, Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS collection info: Burmese python, Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Preserving the Timber Rattlesnake (Publication 115). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. "Publication 115"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Oklahoma: 231 sources
- About Us. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to Avoid Unwanted Snake Encounters. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. May 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Kingsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Speckled Kingsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Milksnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plain-bellied Watersnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-banded Watersnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Diamond-backed Watersnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Graham's Crayfish Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Crayfish Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekay's Brownsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orange-striped Ribbonsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cottonmouth (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Pygmy Rattlesnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kansas Glossy Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Wormsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Racer (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- EPP-7301 Spiders: Brown Recluse, Black Widow, and Other Common Spiders. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University. printed code "0604"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Tarantula (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Slender Glass Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Green Anole (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Collared Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser Earless Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Coal Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-headed Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Plains Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Brown Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-lined Racerunner (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Plains Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chihuahuan Green Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-spotted Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodhouse's Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanchard's Cricket Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cajun Chorus Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Strecker's Chorus Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Narrow-mouthed Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Couch's Spadefoot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Spadefoot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crawfish Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Leopard Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coastal Plains Leopard Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Chicken Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Map Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern River Cooter (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Three-toed Box Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ornate Box Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eared Slider (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Mud Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Razor-backed Musk Turtle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinkpot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Softshell (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (OSU School IPM common pests sheet). Oklahoma State University Extension, School IPM program. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (Digital Diagnostics). Oklahoma State University Extension. archived copy, captured November 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- EPP-7303 Scorpions. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University. printed "Revisied 1012"; checked November 3, 2026.
- EPP-7305 Paper Wasps, Yellowjackets, and Other Stinging Wasps. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University. printed code "0404"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Imported Fire Ants. Oklahoma State University, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bumble Bee (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Burying Beetle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Monarch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tularemia. Oklahoma State Department of Health. page meta Last-Modified "06-07-2026 02:04:04"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF). Oklahoma State Department of Health. page meta Last-Modified "27-08-2026 08:37:05"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Birds (compiled by Gary D. Schnell). University of Oklahoma (Oklahoma Biological Survey). 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Chickadee (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tufted Titmouse (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted Nuthatch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-breasted Nuthatch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Creeper (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carolina Wren (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bewick's Wren (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Bluebird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Robin (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Mockingbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Thrasher (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cedar Waxwing (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Towhee (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Towhee (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Tree Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fox Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Song Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-throated Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harris's Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-crowned Sparrow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark-eyed Junco (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cardinal (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-winged Blackbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Meadowlark (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Meadowlark (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rusty Blackbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brewer's Blackbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Grackle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great-tailed Grackle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown-headed Cowbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Finch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Finch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Siskin (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Goldfinch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Evening Grosbeak (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Loon (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American White Pelican (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Double-crested Cormorant (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Blue Heron (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-bellied Whistling-duck (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Duck (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mallard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pintail (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Osprey (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Kite (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Eagle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Eagle (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Kestrel (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Pheasant (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scaled Quail (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sandhill Crane (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whooping Crane (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Piping Plover (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Killdeer (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Avocet (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Sandpiper (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Sandpiper (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's Snipe (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-Winged Dove (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mourning Dove (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Roadrunner (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn Owl (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burrowing Owl (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chuck-will's-widow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruby-throated Hummingbird (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Belted Kingfisher (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-headed Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Downy Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hairy Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-cockaded Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Flicker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pileated Woodpecker (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-capped Vireo (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue Jay (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crow (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple Martin (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canvasback Duck (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Screech Owl (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Turkey (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Interior Least Tern (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Merriam's Turkey (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rio Grande Turkey (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rufa Red Knot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trumpeter Swan (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-crowned Night Heron (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Updated and Revised Checklist of the Mammals of Oklahoma, 2019 (Caire, Loucks, Haynie, Coyner & Braun; Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 99:1-6). Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science; authors at University of Central Oklahoma and Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (Department of Mammalogy). 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nine-banded Armadillo (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-tailed Jackrabbit (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Mole (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mexican Free-tailed Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big Brown Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Red Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Hoary Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Long-eared Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Indiana Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tricolored Bat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Fox (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swift Fox (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Spotted Skunk (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Otter (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed Weasel (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Badger (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pronghorn (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mule Deer (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed Deer (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Beaver (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Woodrat (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fulvous Harvest Mouse (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Porcupine (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Flying Squirrel (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodchuck (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Gray Squirrel (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Chipmunk (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bison (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear Basics. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bighead Carp (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Carp (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Silver Carp (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grass Carp (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Perch (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Freshwater Jellyfish (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harris Mud Crab (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator (field guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oklahoma Poison Center Urges Caution During Snake Season. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Oklahoma Center for Poison and Drug Information). Published: Thursday, April 30, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Encounters. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Brings Snake Bite Calls to the Poison Center. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences (Oklahoma Center for Poison and Drug Information). Published: Wednesday, April 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Oregon: 533 sources
- Wildlife Viewing. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife: Snakes. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Forest Sharp-tailed Snake (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders! (Ask a Master Gardener column on black widow spiders), Janet Bitter. Douglas County Master Gardeners (trained volunteers of the OSU Extension Service, Douglas County). PDF created 2022-11-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites & Stings. Oregon Poison Center, Oregon Health & Science University (poison-control program serving Oregon). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown recluse?? #868568 (Ask Extension, Multnomah County Oregon; expert response by Bill Gerth). Ask Extension (eXtension) answered by Oregon State University Extension. asked May 15, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders Found in Central Oregon (collection). Oregon State University Extension Service. Jul 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert horned lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-nosed leopard lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mojave black-collared lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern alligator lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plateau striped whiptail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pygmy short-horned lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sagebrush lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Side-blotched lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern alligator lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western fence lizard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western skink (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western whiptail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards and Skinks (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oregon's Frogs and Toads (Oregon Conservation Strategy flyer). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Wildlife Garden: Attract Reptiles and Amphibians to Your Yard (EC 1542). Oregon State University Extension Service. EC 1542, reprinted July 2002; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western painted turtle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western pond turtle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green turtle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leatherback turtle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead turtle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions in Oregon? (Ask Extension featured question). Oregon State University Extension Service. Published May 2022, Reviewed 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern giant hornets in Oregon? (Ask Extension featured question). Oregon State University Extension Service. Aug 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to protect yourself from ticks (EM 9529). Oregon State University Extension Service. EM 9529, Published June 2021, Reviewed 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- American bittern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-crowned night heron (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cattle egret (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great blue heron (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great egret (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green heron (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least bittern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowy egret (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-faced ibis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobolink (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brewer's blackbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown-headed cowbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullock's oriole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great-tailed grackle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-winged blackbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tricolored blackbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western meadowlark (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-headed blackbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American robin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hermit thrush (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain bluebird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swainson's thrush (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's solitaire (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Varied thrush (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Veery (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western bluebird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wrentit (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-capped chickadee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown creeper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bushtit (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chestnut-backed chickadee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Juniper titmouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain chickadee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oak titmouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pygmy nuthatch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted nuthatch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-breasted nuthatch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American crow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-billed magpie (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue jay (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clark's nutcracker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common raven (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray jay (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pinyon jay (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Steller's jay (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western scrub-jay (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Band-tailed pigeon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian collared-dove (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mourning dove (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock pigeon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American goldfinch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black rosy-finch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cassin's finch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common redpoll (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Evening grosbeak (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray-crowned rosy-finch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House finch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser goldfinch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine grosbeak (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine siskin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple finch (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red crossbill (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged crossbill (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ash-throated flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dusky flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern kingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hammond's flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horned lark (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Olive-sided flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Say's phoebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tropical kingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western kingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western wood-pewee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Willow flycatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arctic tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-legged kittiwake (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bonaparte's gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Caspian tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elegant tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Forster's tern (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Franklin's gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glaucous gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glaucous-winged gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Heermann's gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herring gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed jaeger (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mew gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Parasitic jaeger (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pomarine jaeger (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-billed gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sabine's gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- South polar skua (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Thayer's gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western gull (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Allen's hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Anna's hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-chinned hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-tailed hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Calliope hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Costa's hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rufous hummingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Acorn woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American three-toed woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Belted kingfisher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-backed woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Downy woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hairy woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lewis's woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern flicker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pileated woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted sapsucker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-naped sapsucker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-headed woodpecker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Williamson's sapsucker (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-footed albatross (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Buller's shearwater (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clark's grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common loon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eared grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flesh-footed shearwater (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fork-tailed storm-petrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horned grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laysan albatross (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leach's storm-petrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mottled petrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern fulmar (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific loon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pied-billed grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pink-footed shearwater (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-necked grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-throated loon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-tailed shearwater (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sooty shearwater (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western grebe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-billed loon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ancient murrelet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cassin's auklet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common murre (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horned puffin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marbled murrelet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pigeon guillemot (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rhinoceros auklet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tufted puffin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black swift (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common nighthawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common poorwill (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vaux's swift (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-throated swift (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barred owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boreal owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burrowing owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flammulated owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great gray owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great horned owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-eared owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern pygmy owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern saw-whet owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern spotted owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-eared owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snowy owl (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American white pelican (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brandt's cormorant (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown pelican (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Double-crested cormorant (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pelagic cormorant (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California quail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chukar (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dusky grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray partridge (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater sage-grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain quail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked pheasant (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruffed grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharp-tailed grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sooty grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spruce grouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild turkey (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American pipit (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bohemian waxwing (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cedar waxwing (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Euopean starling (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray catbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern mockingbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sage thrasher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American coot (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater sandhill crane (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sora (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia rail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow rail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American kestrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald eagle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cooper's hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ferruginous hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden eagle (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gyrfalcon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Merlin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern goshawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern harrier (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Osprey (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Peregrine falcon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie falcon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-shouldered hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-tailed hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough-legged hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharp-shinned hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swainson's hawk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey vulture (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed kite (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American avocet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American golden-plover (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baird's sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-bellied plover (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-necked stilt (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black oystercatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black turnstone (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Buff-breasted sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dunlin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater yellowlegs (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Killdeer (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser yellowlegs (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-billed curlew (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-billed dowitcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marbled godwit (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific golden-plover (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pectoral sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red knot (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-necked phalarope (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red phalarope (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruddy turnstone (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruff (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sanderling (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Semipalmated plover (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Semipalmated sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharp-tailed sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Short-billed dowitcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Solitary sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stilt sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Surfbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upland sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wandering tattler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western sandpiper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western snowy plover (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whimbrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Willet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's phalarope (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's snipe (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bank swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cliff swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern rough-winged swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Purple martin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tree swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Violet-green swallow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American wigeon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barrow's goldeneye (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black scoter (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-winged teal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brant (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bufflehead (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada goose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canvasback (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cinnamon teal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common goldeneye (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common merganser (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emperor goose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eurasian wigeon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gadwall (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater scaup (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater white-fronted goose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green-winged teal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harlequin duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hooded merganser (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lesser scaup (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mallard (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern pintail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern shoveler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-breasted merganser (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Redhead (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ross's goose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruddy duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snow goose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Surf scoter (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trumpeter swan (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tufted duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tundra swan (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-winged scoter (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood duck (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western tanager (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American tree sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-headed grosbeak (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brewer's sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California towhee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chipping sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Clay-colored sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark-eyed junco (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fox sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden-crowned sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grasshopper sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green-tailed towhee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harris's sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lapland longspur (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lark sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lazuli bunting (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lincoln's sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rose-breasted grosbeak (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sagebrush sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Savannah sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snow bunting (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Song sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted towhee (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swamp sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vesper sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-crowned sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-throated sparrow (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cassin's vireo (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hutton's vireo (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead shrike (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern shrike (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eyed vireo (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Warbling vireo (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American redstart (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-and-white warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated blue warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-throated gray warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blackpoll warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chestnut-sided warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common yellowthroat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hermit warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MacGillivray's warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nashville warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern parula (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern waterthrush (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orange-crowned warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ovenbird (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Palm warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tennessee warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wilson's warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-breasted chat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-rumped warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow warbler (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American dipper (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bewick's wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue-gray gnatcatcher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canyon wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden-crowned kinglet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marsh wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rock wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ruby-crowned kinglet (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Winter wren (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain beaver (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big brown bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brazilian free-tailed bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canyon bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fringed myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hoary bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little brown myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-eared myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-legged myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pallid bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Silver-haired bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's big-eared bat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western small-footed myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yuma myotis (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black bear (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American beaver (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canada lynx (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougar (mountain lion) (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common gray fox (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kit fox (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red fox (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sierra Nevada red fox (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bighorn sheep (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbian black-tailed deer (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbian white-tailed deer (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain goat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mule deer (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pronghorn antelope (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia opossum (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain cottontail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Botta's pocket gopher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Camas pocket gopher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern pocket gopher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's pocket gopher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western pocket gopher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common porcupine (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black rat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bushy-tailed woodrat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Canyon mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common muskrat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Creeping vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Deer mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert woodrat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dusky-footed woodrat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray-tailed vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Heather vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little pocket mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montane vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern grasshopper mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Norway rat (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific jumping mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Piñon mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red tree vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sagebrush vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern red-backed vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Water vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western harvest mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western jumping mouse (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western red-backed vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-footed vole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common raccoon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringtail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coast mole (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Montane or Dusky shrew (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Allen's chipmunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Belding's ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Columbian ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Douglas' squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern fox squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern gray squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden-mantled ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Least chipmunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Merriam's ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern flying squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Piute ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Siskiyou chipmunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Townsend's chipmunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Washington ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western gray squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- White-tailed antelope squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wyoming ground squirrel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-bellied marmot (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow-pine chipmunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American badger (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American marten (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ermine (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed weasel (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River otter (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped skunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western spotted skunk (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolverine (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with cougars. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. article dated March 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be Wildlife Smart When Working in the Woods. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks Fishing. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great white shark. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny dogfish. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue shark. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California sea lion (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern elephant seal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern fur seal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific harbor seal (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Steller sea lion (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bottlenose dolphin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dall's porpoise (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Harbor porpoise (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Humpback whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Killer whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minke whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific white-sided dolphin (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sperm whale (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS occurrence records: Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator) in Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with black bears. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Turtles (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougars and public safety (cougar brochure). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. brochure dated 11/2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oregon is Black Bear Country: Guidelines for living with black bears. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oregon Invasives Hotline. Oregon Invasives Hotline (Oregon Invasive Species Council; "Maintained by Oregon State University"). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Pennsylvania: 54 sources
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians FAQs. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Black Widow Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Agrarian Sac Spider and Longlegged Sac Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Garden Spider. Penn State Extension. updated June 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Banded Garden Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cross Orbweaver Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marbled Orbweaver Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fierce Orbweaver. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spined Micrathena. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grass Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barn Funnel Weaver Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hacklemesh Weaver Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-Faced Sac Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodlouse Hunter Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Parson Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Longbodied Cellar Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bold Jumper Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bronze Jumper. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Jumper. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra Jumper. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common House Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- False Black Widow Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders Commonly Encountered in Pennsylvania and the Northeast. Penn State Extension. updated September 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Commonly Encountered Pennsylvania Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated December 7, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Control Plan: Pond Slider. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Updated July 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management. Penn State Extension. updated February 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet. Penn State Extension. updated July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Alert. Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. updated November 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Biting Pests: West Nile Virus in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis). Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Vector Management. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquito-borne Disease Control Program. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Vector Management. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Official List of the Birds of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Birds 38(2), 2024). Pennsylvania Ornithological Records Committee (PORC), Pennsylvania Society for Ornithology. accepted records as of April 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Current List of Wild Mammals in Pennsylvania (66). Pennsylvania Game Commission. archived copy, captured September 1, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nuisance Wildlife. Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine. Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Notes: Black Bear. Pennsylvania Game Commission. Revised 02/2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Frequently Asked Questions. Penn State Extension. updated June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake Conservation. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pittsburgh Poison Center at UPMC Offers Tips to Stay Safe Around Venomous Snakes During Summer. Pittsburgh Poison Center at UPMC. May 27, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poison Control 101. Poison Control Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pittsburgh Poison Center. UPMC Pittsburgh Poison Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Notes: Bats. Pennsylvania Game Commission. Revised 03/2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Amphibians & Reptiles (Larry L. Shaffer; reference book). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. ©1999; checked November 3, 2026.
Rhode Island: 23 sources
- Learn about RI wildlife. Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured June 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Rhode Island (DEM publication page). Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured June 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rules and Regulations Governing Importation and Possession of Wild Animals (250-RICR-40-05-3), § 3.17 Appendix A. Rhode Island Department of State (Code of Regulations); Rhode Island DEM rule. Active rule, effective from 07/28/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Rhode Island (DEM Division of Fish & Wildlife factsheet). Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured February 19, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Test Your Knowledge of Rhode Island’s Wildlife. Rhode Island DEM. archived copy, captured March 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 1: Rhode Island’s Fish and Wildlife. Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured March 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse and Black Widow Spiders. Connecticut Poison Control Center, UConn Health. Page modified 2022-12-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Peligros en el Aire Libre (Outdoor Hazards; Spanish-language page). Massachusetts & Rhode Island Poison Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rhode Island Species of Greatest Conservation Need, 2015 Wildlife Action Plan. Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured May 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Herptiles of Rhode Island. Rhode Island Natural History Survey (non-profit survey; not a state agency). Uploaded 2021-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- DEM announces Emerald Ash Borer found in Rhode Island (press release). Rhode Island DEM via RI.gov. Release date: 07-25-2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lone Star Tick (TickEncounter). University of Rhode Island, TickEncounter. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Final RI Mosquito Report of 2024: No Additional EEE or West Nile Virus Findings (press release). Rhode Island DEM and Rhode Island Department of Health. archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- RI Bird Checklist from RIBIRD.org (Birds Recorded in RI). Rhode Island Natural History Survey (non-profit survey; not a state agency). Downloaded 5/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mute Swan factsheet. Rhode Island DEM, Division of Fish & Wildlife. archived copy, captured May 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Rhode Island (BioBlitz checklist). Rhode Island Natural History Survey (non-profit survey; not a state agency). Copyright RINHS 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of RI / safety tips handout (RI State Parks beach sheet). Rhode Island DEM, Division of Parks and Recreation. archived copy, captured June 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS occurrence records, Rhode Island: lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pterois volitans/miles (lionfish) fact sheet. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date: 2/19/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rhode Island Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan. Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council. Approved November 7, 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Copperhead in Rhode Island?. Rhode Island Natural History Survey (non-profit survey; not a state agency). July 30, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
South Carolina: 145 sources
- Reptiles and Amphibians of SC. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snakes in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer (Coluber constrictor). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Swamp Snake (Seminatrix pygaea). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Watersnake (Nerodia taxispilota). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Corn Snake (Elaphe [Pantherophis] guttatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upstate Snakes: Some Frequently Asked Questions. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Glossy Crayfish Snake (Regina rigida). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mole Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mud Snake (Farancia abacura). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Woods Snake (Rhadinaea flavilata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus alleghaniensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Redbellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Earth Snake (Virginia striatula). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis elapsoides). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Crowned Snake (Tantilla coronata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake (Heterodon simus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Worm Snake (Carphophis amoenus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Assistance With Identification of Snakes (Table 1. Snake Species in Upstate South Carolina). SCDNR. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Our Upstate Snakes: The Red Snakes. SCDNR. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow Spiders in South Carolina (HGIC 2518). Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Sep 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Widow Spiders (HGIC 2474). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Apr 6, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders (HGIC 2450). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published May 2, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Priority Species), SC State Wildlife Action Plan. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2015 plan list; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. page dated Sept. 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broadhead Skink (Plestiodon laticeps). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coal Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] anthracinus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] fasciatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ground Skink (Scincella lateralis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Island Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus compressus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mimic Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-lined Racerunner (Cnemidophorus [Aspidoscelis] sexlineatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] inexpectatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black and White Tegu. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Barking Treefrog (Hyla gratiosa). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird-voiced Treefrog (Hyla avivoca). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brimley’s Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brimleyi). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullfrog (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter Frog (Rana [Lithobates] virgatipes). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope’s Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler’s Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] fowleri). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Frog (Rana [Lithobates] capito). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green / Bronze Frog (Lithobates clamitans). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Grass Frog (Pseudacris ocularis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oak Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] quercicus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ornate Chorus Frog (Pseudacris ornata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Rana [Lithobates] palustris). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pig Frog (Rana [Lithobates] grylio). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Barrens Treefrog (Hyla andersonii). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Woods Treefrog (Hyla femoralis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Frog (Rana [Lithobates] hecksheri). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Chorus Frog (Pseudacris nigrita). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Cricket Frog (Acris gryllus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sphenocephala). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] terrestris). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Squirrel Treefrog (Hyla squirella). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upland Chorus Frog (Pseudacris feriarum). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sylvatica). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS species list: Amphibians, South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chicken Turtle (Deirochelys reticularia). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Mud Turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Cooter (Pseudemys floridana). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell (Apalone ferox). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Sea Turtles. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Cooter (Pseudemys concinna). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Mud Turtle (Kinosternon baurii). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- SC State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Overview of the Taxonomic Groups. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpion Control (HGIC 2441). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Jan 2, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fire Ant Management in the Home Lawn (HGIC 2501). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Updated Jun 6, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (HGIC 2485). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Jan 6, 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- Paper Wasps (HGIC 2481). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Dec 6, 2002; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars (HGIC 2482). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Feb 6, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beaver. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Fox. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Long-tailed Weasel. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Muskrat. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Opossum. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Raccoon. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Fox. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- River Otter. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Fox Squirrel. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Skunk. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Skunk. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Hog. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- South Carolina Species Information: Armadillos. SCDNR (prepared by National Wildlife Control Training Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- South Carolina Species Information: Voles. SCDNR (prepared by National Wildlife Control Training Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- South Carolina Species Information: Tree Squirrels. SCDNR (prepared by National Wildlife Control Training Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Manatees in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bats of South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Species. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Jellyfish. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Restricted Nonnative Wildlife. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakebite Fact Sheet. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, posted by SCDNR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upstate Snakes: General Information. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
South Dakota: 20 sources
- Contact Us. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles checklist. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks (Wildlife Action Plan website checklists). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus virdidis) - Jewel Cave National Monument. National Park Service. updated January 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnakes in the Badlands. National Park Service (Badlands National Park). updated April 16, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders in South Dakota (FS 421). Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University (Berndt and Kantack). archived copy, captured July 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- An identification guide for Arthropods of Human Health Concern in South Dakota (P-00243). SDSU Extension, South Dakota State University. 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer in South Dakota. State of South Dakota (emeraldashborerinsouthdakota.sd.gov). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile Virus. South Dakota Department of Health. Content last updated: May 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds checklist. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks (Wildlife Action Plan website checklists), from the SDOU state checklist. server Last-Modified 2015-06-18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals checklist. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks (Wildlife Action Plan website checklists). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies Surveillance Report, South Dakota, 2023. South Dakota Department of Health. 2023 report; checked November 3, 2026.
- When Mountain Lions Meet People (mountain lion brochure). South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. brochure 'Last Revised 2012'; checked November 3, 2026.
- SD Least Wanted: Laws and Regulations (aquatic invasive species). South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks (sdleastwanted.sd.gov). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Jewel Cave National Monument. National Park Service. updated October 5, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick-Borne Diseases. South Dakota Department of Health. Content last updated: November 20, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring is here, and so are the ticks!. SDSU Extension, South Dakota State University. Updated April 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Custer State Park. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Tennessee: 27 sources
- Tennessee Watchable Wildlife | About Us. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites & Stings | Tennessee Poison Center. Tennessee Poison Center (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), Tennessee's poison-control program. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of East Tennessee (poster). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Region IV. archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes | State of Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. archived copy, captured June 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- PB1191 The Brown Recluse Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). PB1191-500-7/02 [July 2002 reprint]; checked November 3, 2026.
- PB1193 The Black Widow Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). PB1193-500-7/02 [July 2002 revision]; checked November 3, 2026.
- W1415 Jorō Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). W1415 08/26 [August 2026]; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Species in Tennessee. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. archived copy, captured August 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- GBIF occurrence records, Vaejovis carolinianus in Tennessee. GBIF. queried 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- PB1303 Managing Pests Around the Home. University of Tennessee Extension. 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fire Ants in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- SP341-M Yellowjacket Wasps in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Extension. September 2024 09/24); checked November 3, 2026.
- What can sting but cannot fly … yet?. Tennessee Poison Center (Vanderbilt University Medical Center). July 21, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector-Borne Diseases. Tennessee Department of Health. archived copy, captured August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds » Tennessee's Birds (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2013 Field Checklist of Tennessee Birds. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Tennessee Ornithological Society. 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals » Bats, Large, Medium, Small (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Tennessee Department of Health. archived copy, captured September 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- History | Fire Ants in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species: Tennessee reptile and amphibian records. U.S. Geological Survey. database accessed 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators in Tennessee. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. archived copy, captured October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quarantine | Fire Ants in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Wildlife Encounters, Incidents, or Illness. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. archived copy, captured August 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Texas: 54 sources
- Mission & Philosophy. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Landing Page - Big Bend National Park. National Park Service. updated May 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hunter Education Online Course: Snakes. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Louisiana Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum amaura). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Bullsnake (Pituophis catinefer sayi). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (Venom: Animal Bites, Venomous Bites). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mesoamerican Cane Toad (Rhinella horribilis) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision date 6/22/2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (ENTO-PU-032 05/22), Wizzie Brown. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 05/22 (publication code ENTO-PU-032 05/22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Medical Information (Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension / Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project. September 19, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diagnosing and Treating Nondomestic and Exotic Animals for Red Imported Fire Ant Injury (ENTO-004 03/14). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 03/14; checked November 3, 2026.
- Start looking out for stinging caterpillars (AgriLife Today). Texas A&M AgriLife (AgriLife Today, quoting AgriLife Extension specialists). 2025-05-29 (published; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing Bugs & Chagas Disease: What You Need to Know (guide, English). Texas Department of State Health Services (hosted PDF). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Honey Bees In and Around Buildings (ENTO-080). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. 12/17; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition (Technical Series No. 32). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Nature Tourism Program); Bryan, Gallucci, Lockwood, Riskind. 2025 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Species Accounts for Texas Mammals. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University (Schmidly & Bradley, The Mammals of Texas, 7th ed.). Feb 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Artiodactyla. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: California Sea Lion. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Carnivora. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Chiroptera. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Cetacea. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Soricomorpha. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Trichechus manatus. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Dasypus novemcinctus. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Didelphis virginiana. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Rodentia. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Lagomorpha. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Macaca fuscata. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: House Mouse. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Black Bear (Ursus americanus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs (Wild Pigs) in Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lions (Cougars) in Texas (PWD BR W7000-232). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 6/08); checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD email bulletin: Sharks? We've got a few in Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (GovDelivery bulletin). July 26, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Bag & Length Limits (Outdoor Annual). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Valid Sep. 1, 2026 through Aug. 31, 2027; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Limits & Identification (Outdoor Annual). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Outdoor Annual; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision date 2/19/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Safety - Padre Island National Seashore. National Park Service. updated March 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Other Invertebrates - Padre Island National Seashore. National Park Service. updated February 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Aquatic Invasive Species. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Texas Snakes (Snakes Alive, Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Mountain Lion (Puma concolor). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Alive! FAQ (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake (Venom: Animal Bites, Venomous Bites). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prohibited Shark Species (Outdoor Annual). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Outdoor Annual 2026-27; checked November 3, 2026.
Utah: 27 sources
- Who we are: About the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 2, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species tables for Utah's reptiles and amphibians. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 22, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-venomous Snakes (USU Extension Wildlife Damage Management Series NR/WD/007). Utah State University Extension in cooperation with Utah DWR; hosted by Wild Aware Utah. August 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to avoid conflicts with rattlesnakes in Utah this spring and summer (news release). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published March 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Rattlesnake (Utah DWR Wildlife Notebook Series No. 22). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR); hosted by Wild Aware Utah. Wildlife Notebook Series No. 22, dated 7/2011 in the PDF; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hobo Spider, Eratigena agrestis (USU Extension fact sheet ENT-86-08). Utah State University Extension. Revised February 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (USU Extension / Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory fact sheet ENT-163-12PR). Utah State University Extension. January 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be aware: Arachnids (spiders, scorpions). Wild Aware Utah (partnership: Utah DWR, Utah's Hogle Zoo, USU Berryman Institute). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado tick fever | Communicable Diseases. Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila monster named state reptile (news release). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published March 28, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (USU Extension / Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory fact sheet ENT-68-08). Utah State University Extension. June 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Utah Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). 2025 list; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honey Bees (USU Extension / Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory fact sheet, Hodgson, Stanley, Roe, Downey). Utah State University Extension. fact sheet dated November 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Nile virus | Communicable Diseases. Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plague | Communicable Diseases. Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be aware: Bears. Wild Aware Utah (partnership: Utah DWR, Utah's Hogle Zoo, USU Berryman Institute). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be aware: Cougars. Wild Aware Utah (partnership: Utah DWR, Utah's Hogle Zoo, USU Berryman Institute). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be aware: Moose. Wild Aware Utah (partnership: Utah DWR, Utah's Hogle Zoo, USU Berryman Institute). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big Game Application Guidebook (2026). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published Jan. 30, 2026, version 2026.5; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear, Cougar and Furbearer Guidebook (2026). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published Jan. 15, 2026, version 2026.4; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear incidents doubled from last year and how to prevent conflicts (news release). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published Aug. 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What to know about bats in Utah and how to prevent conflicts with them (news release). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published July 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hantavirus | Communicable Diseases. Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species: mussels, milfoil & more. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 21, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Utah Poison Control Center (home page). Utah Poison Control Center, University of Utah Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ask a herpetologist (DWR blog, Native Herpetology Coordinator). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published June 14, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Vermont: 38 sources
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). document dated 13 March 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake FAQs. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Milksnake (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ratsnake (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Garter Snake (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow. Northern New England Poison Center. updated Monday May 2nd 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Activity in Vermont. Vermont Department of Health. updated April 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five Lined Skink (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Vermont Critters: Amphibians). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Vermont Critters: Amphibians). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Turtle (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spiny Softshell Turtle (Vermont Critters: Reptiles). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bumblebees of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). document dated 07 December 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Stinging Wasps, Bees and Hornets. University of Vermont Extension (Entomology Research Laboratory). © University of Vermont, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer in Vermont. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth Formally Gypsy Moth. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Longhorned Beetle. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Vermont Department of Health. updated June 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). document dated 13 March 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vertebrate Animals of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). document dated 07 December 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). document dated 07 December 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Vermont Department of Health. updated October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- If You Encounter a Bear. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra Mussels. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Clam. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jumping Worms. Vermont Invasives (website of Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension, per site footer). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cuban Treefrog collection info, Vermont. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake Response Program. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Is that snake or spider poisonous?. Northern New England Poison Center. blog post dated July 10, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Caught in their web: Spooky Facts about Vermont Spiders. Vermont State Parks (Vermont Dept. of Forests, Parks and Recreation) blog. blog post dated October 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Black Bears. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Citizen Reporting. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Virginia: 26 sources
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Not So Spooky: Mythbusting Snakes and Bats. Virginia DWR (blog, Molly Kirk/DWR). October 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes on the Water: Cottonmouth or Watersnake?. Virginia DWR (J.D. Kleopfer, DWR Herpetologist). May 6, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Celebrating Virginia’s Snakes in Honor of National Reptile Awareness Day. Virginia DWR (originally in Virginia Wildlife Magazine). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Snakes. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Snakes (CNRE-56P, 420-021). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (J. Parkhurst). 2019); checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Ring Necked Snake (Species Profile Database). Virginia DWR. updated August 18, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Information Sheet: Black Widow Spiders. Blue Ridge Poison Center, UVA Health (state poison-control program). archived copy, captured August 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Lizards, Frogs, and Toads. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Guide to Prevention, Bites and Stings. Virginia Poison Center, VCU Health (state poison-control program). archived copy, captured July 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Imported Fire Ant. Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), Office of Plant Industry Services. current 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars: Slug Caterpillars and Flannel Moths (ENTO-347NP / ENTO-75NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension (Virginia Tech). Revised February 7, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- VDACS Announces Expansion of Virginia’s Imported Fire Ant Quarantine. VDACS (press release). May 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Black Bears in Virginia. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Health Issues with Bats: Rabies, Histoplasmosis, and Parasites. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Feral Hogs. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Nutria. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. VDACS. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS collection info: Alligator mississippiensis, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Coyotes. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Season of the Snake. Virginia DWR (blog). June 8, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Antidote: News and Notes from the Blue Ridge Poison Center, Summer 2025 ("It’s Ssssnake Season!"). Blue Ridge Poison Center, UVA Health (state poison-control program). archived copy, captured January 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Help with Human-Wildlife Conflicts. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- It’s Baby Snake Season!. Virginia DWR (J.D. Kleopfer/DWR). September 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Washington: 66 sources
- About WDFW. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Washington State Herp Atlas: Checklist of Washington Amphibians and Reptiles (pp. 13-14). Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, BLM and U.S. Forest Service. Published 2009, revised 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern desert nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert striped whipsnake (Coluber [Masticophis] taeniatus taeniatus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with wildlife: Snakes. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- African clawed frog. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodhouses Toad. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Skinned Newt. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Olive Ridley Sea Turtle. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common snapping turtle. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny softshell turtle. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Scorpion. Washington State University, Department of Entomology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Giant Hornet. Washington Invasive Species Council (state agency council, Recreation and Conservation Office). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Fire Ants. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Biting Flies. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquitoes. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Photo Gallery. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- WDFW Species database: category Birds (all pages). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Didelphimorphia. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Lagomorpha. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Carnivora. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Soricomorpha. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Artiodactyla. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodland caribou. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Rodentia. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Chiroptera. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Washington: Cetacea. Burke Museum (Washington State Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington). updated October 29, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougar (Puma concolor). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dangerous wildlife. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (Canis latrans). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Visitors Advised to Keep Their Distance: Mountain Goats are Dangerous. National Park Service, Olympic National Park. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hantavirus. Washington State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Soupfin (Galeorhinus galeus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Salmon shark (Lamna ditropis). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blue shark (Prionace glauca). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown catshark (Apristurus brunneus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific Spiny Dogfish shark (Squalus suckleyi). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big skate (Beringraja binoculata). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California skate (Beringraja inornata). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sandpaper skate (Bathyraja interrupta). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Longnose skate (Raja rhina). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- WDFW Species database: species group Sharks, skates, and ratfish. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American bullfrog. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European green crab. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern pike. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra mussel. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report a Sighting. Washington Invasive Species Council (state agency council, Recreation and Conservation Office). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Habitat distribution and seasonality of the northern scorpion (WSU Research Exchange record). Washington State University. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 88, 07/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grizzly bear. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
West Virginia: 28 sources
- Wildlife Diseases in West Virginia. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-06-25; checked November 3, 2026.
- New law prohibiting possession of most native reptiles, amphibians now in effect. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). posted 2021-05-27; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Alive!. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). posted 2021-05-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Rattlesnakes. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 10/21 print code; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in West Virginia. West Virginia Department of Agriculture. archived copy, captured June 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites & Stings. West Virginia Poison Center, West Virginia University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Virginia Department of Health Warns Residents of Increased Bee Stings. West Virginia Department of Health. September 26, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Virginia Invasive Species Strategic Plan and Voluntary Guidelines (Appendix B). West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter Bee. West Virginia University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks. West Virginia University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2021-2023 West Virginia Tick Surveillance Report. WV Office of Epidemiology and Prevention Services. covers 2021-2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. West Virginia University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cicadas. West Virginia University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Federally Threatened and Endangered Species in West Virginia. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). Revised: 19 September 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nature Care: Leave Young Wildlife Alone. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). posted 2023-07-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Virginia State Bird List. West Virginia Bird Records Committee, hosted by the Brooks Bird Club. February 20, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds of West Virginia Checklist. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). file name dated 2022-11-30; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-07-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of West Virginia Field Checklist. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 10/2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Basics for Avoiding Human-Bear Conflicts This Spring. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). April 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Native Invasive Species. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria: Collections in West Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of West Virginia. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 02/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- American alligator: Collections in West Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Virginia Reptile and Amphibian Regulations (summary). West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 05/2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases. WV Office of Epidemiology and Prevention Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Wisconsin: 75 sources
- Wisconsin Animals. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outdoor Hazards in Wisconsin: A Guide to Insects, Plants, and Wildlife (G3564). University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension (Craven, Pellitteri, Renz). R-09-2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Butler's Gartersnake (Thamnophis butleri) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Central Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Gartersnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DeKay's Brownsnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Foxsnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis saurita) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoiding and Treating Rattlesnake Bites in Wisconsin, PUB-ER-083. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation. PUB-ER-083 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (Coluber constrictor) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Ring-necked Snake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Queensnake (Regina septemvittata) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Greensnake (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widows: The Hermits of Door County. UW-Madison Insect Diagnostic Lab (Division of Extension / Department of Entomology), P.J. Liesch. May 22, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders In and Around Homes (PM 1722 / A2135 / FO-1033-B). University of Wisconsin-Extension with Iowa State University and University of Minnesota Extension (hosted by UW Insect Diagnostic Lab). Revised February 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibian and Reptile Frequently Asked Questions #6 - Lizards, PUB-ER-672. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources (Kapfer 2011). 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Five-lined Skink (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Skink (Plestiodon septentrionalis) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanchard's Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boreal Chorus Frog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope's Gray Treefrog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Bullfrog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Green Frog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Lithobates palustris) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Musk Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- False Map Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Snapping Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Map Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ornate Box Turtle (Terrapene ornata) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ouachita Map Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Softshell (Apalone mutica) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (Herps of Wisconsin species page). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) - Wisconsin's rare animals (Natural Heritage Inventory). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibian and Reptile Frequently Asked Questions #5 - Turtles, PUB-ER-671. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources. 2011 series; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpion Hitchhikers in Wisconsin. UW-Madison Insect Diagnostic Lab (Division of Extension / Department of Entomology), P.J. Liesch. August 29, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy moth. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Birds of Wisconsin 2025. Wisconsin Society for Ornithology (Records Committee). Updated 23 March 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklists of Wisconsin Vertebrates (PUB-SS-954), Watermolen and Murrell. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Integrated Science Services. 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wisconsin Bat Program. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougar. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nuisance wildlife. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibian and Reptile Frequently Asked Questions #4 - Snakes, PUB-ER-670. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources (Kapfer 2011). 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS occurrence search: American alligator, Wisconsin. U.S. Geological Survey (NAS). query result 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black bear management. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Elk. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Illnesses Spread by Ticks. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Watch For Snakes, Lizards, Salamanders And Frogs On Wisconsin's Roads (news release). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. September 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- About Ticks. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Wyoming: 26 sources
- Nongame Wildlife. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles in Wyoming (species list). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Last modified on 01-22-2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Devils Tower National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlas of Birds, Mammals, Amphibians, and Reptiles in Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Nongame Section. December 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Midget Faded Rattlesnake - Crotalus oreganus concolor (SWAP 2017 species account). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 2017 (document footer; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Grand Teton National Park. National Park Service. updated October 18, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake - Crotalus viridis (Wyoming SWAP 2017 species account). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake - Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black widow and brown recluse spiders: One very common, the other very rare in Wyoming (Scott Schell, UW Extension entomologist). University of Wyoming Extension (Barnyards & Backyards). Fall 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Identify Your House Spiders! (UW Extension SpiderWeb identifying page). University of Wyoming Extension. archived copy, captured August 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians in Wyoming (species list). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Last modified on 01-23-2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus in Wyoming. University of Wyoming Entomology / Extension. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoid Ticks to Avoid Diseases They Spread. Wyoming Department of Health. archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grizzly Bears in Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to React in an Encounter (Bear Wise Wyoming). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lions in Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rabies. Wyoming Department of Health. archived copy, captured January 13, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hantavirus. Wyoming Department of Health. archived copy, captured July 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- AIS Threats. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolves in Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisoning - Poison Help. Wyoming Department of Health. archived copy, captured June 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wendy, what should I do if I come across a rattlesnake?. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. July 19, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hiking in rattlesnake country. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Mammals. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. no page date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
Species guide sources
Africanized Honey Bee: 12 sources
- Africanized Honeybees Detected in Alabama. Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. June 18, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees, Spiders & Other Bugs. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Bee and Wasp Stings. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2011-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honey Bee (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Guide L-110: Honey Bees in New Mexico. New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised January 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-147/IN784: Differences Between European and African Honey Bees. University of Florida IFAS Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY 429/IN790: African Honey Bee, Africanized Honey Bee, Killer Bee, Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier. University of Florida IFAS Extension (Featured Creatures). footer 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honey Bees: Some Questions and Answers. NC State Extension. Published Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Honey Bees: Where Are They Now, and When Will They Arrive in North Carolina?. NC State Extension. Published Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Africanized Bees. Texas Apiary Inspection Service (Texas A&M AgriLife). archived copy, captured July 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Honey Bees In and Around Buildings (ENTO-080). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. 12/17; checked November 3, 2026.
Alligator Lizard: 10 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Madrean Alligator Lizard (Elgaria kingii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p32 taxa). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Yosemite National Park. National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern alligator lizard in Oregon. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern alligator lizard in Oregon. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern alligator lizard. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern alligator lizard. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
Alligator Snapping Turtle: 19 sources
- ECOS species report query: Macrochelys. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status With Section 4(d) Rule for Alligator Snapping Turtle (proposed rule, 86 FR 62434). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). November 9, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Threatened Status for the Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle With a Section 4(d) Rule (89 FR 53507). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). June 27, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. Revision Date 2024-01-17; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) Research in Louisiana in Support of the Species Status Assessment and Listing Decision. U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Alligator Snapping Turtle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle (Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- I caught a snapping turtle. What should I do with it? (FAQ). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Snapping Turtles. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. page metadata modified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle (Wild About Illinois Turtles). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. page metadata modified 2026-05-29; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations (Reg. 220-2-.92). Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Reptiles and Amphibians (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
American alligator: 22 sources
- Living with Alligators. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators a steady presence in Arkansas. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. May 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Facts. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Alligators. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. Revised 09/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USGS NAS collection info: American alligator in Michigan. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator, American (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator: Species Profile (Everglades National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated 2025-03-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crocodile: Species Profile (Everglades National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated 2023-09-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS collection info: American alligator, Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator (field guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators in Tennessee. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. archived copy, captured October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS collection info: Alligator mississippiensis, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Alligator mississippiensis, Crocodylus acutus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Caiman crocodilus (Common Caiman) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. Revision Date 6/22/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
American Black Bear: 37 sources
- Black Bear. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Bears. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured February 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bear encounters (Living with Bears). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Mammals (FWRI research). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. Revised August 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Mammals (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-6 MAMMALS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- Current List of Wild Mammals in Pennsylvania (66). Pennsylvania Game Commission. archived copy, captured September 1, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wildlife Notes: Black Bear. Pennsylvania Game Commission. Revised 02/2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Connecticut DEEP. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Black Bear. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Nevada Department of Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Staying Safe Around Bears - Bears (U.S. National Park Service). U.S. National Park Service. September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bears - Bears. National Park Service. updated November 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Bears - Bears (U.S. National Park Service). U.S. National Park Service. April 5, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bears - Glacier National Park (U.S. National Park Service). U.S. National Park Service. November 6, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bears - Great Smoky Mountains National Park. National Park Service. updated May 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Bear. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Black Bear (Hunted) (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Black Bear (Ursus americanus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Black Bears in Virginia. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) species profile (ECOS). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live page 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
American Bullfrog: 27 sources
- American Bullfrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: American Bullfrog. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Amphibians, Hawaii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullfrog (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Anura". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullfrog (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p32 taxa). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Bullfrog (field guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frog vs. Toad (Extension for Real Life blog). Mississippi State University Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (field guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to catch and cook bullfrogs (DWR wildlife blog). archived copy, captured March 30, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 3/21/2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
American crocodile: 13 sources
- American Crocodile. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Alligators. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Fact Sheet. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. Revised 09/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator: Species Profile (Everglades National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated 2025-03-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Crocodile: Species Profile (Everglades National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated 2023-09-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Alligator. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligators of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS species list: Reptiles, South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Crocodilians of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Alligator mississippiensis, Crocodylus acutus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crocodylus acutus (American crocodile) - Collections Search, South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
American toad: 17 sources
- American Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Frogs and toads (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler's Toad (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Argentine Black and White Tegu: 11 sources
- Argentine Black and White Tegus. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black and White Tegu. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Salvator%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prohibited Nonnative Species List. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured September 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- FWC approves rule changes to help protect Florida from 16 high-risk invasive reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured May 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Argentine Black and White Tegu. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured August 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Argentine Black and White Tegu. USDA National Invasive Species Information Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Invader: Tegu Lizard (WEC295). UF/IFAS Extension. WEC295, revised November 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- FAQ: Are there invasive reptiles other than Burmese pythons in the United States that people should be concerned about?. U.S. Geological Survey. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Arizona Coral Snake: 13 sources
- Arizona Coral Snake. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis occipitalis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis palarostris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake (Lampropeltis pyromelana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Coralsnake (Micruroides euryxanthus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Snakes: Information for New Mexico Homeowners (Circular 541). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised and electronically distributed July 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query for the four taxa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query result 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kingsnakes - Fort Bowie National Historic Site. National Park Service. updated September 15, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Montezuma Castle National Monument. National Park Service. updated May 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Saguaro National Park. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Tonto National Monument. National Park Service. updated January 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Asian giant hornet (now officially northern giant hornet): 13 sources
- WSDA, USDA announce eradication of northern giant hornet from the United States. Washington State Department of Agriculture. News release dated 12/18/2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornets. Washington State Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern giant hornet (FAQ). Washington State Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Identification (invasive hornets). Washington State Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human Health (hornets). Washington State Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reporting Sightings (hornets). Washington State Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Giant Hornet. Washington Invasive Species Council. dateModified 2025-03-19; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cicada-Killer Wasp (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-004: Cicada Killer Wasps. University of Kentucky Entomology (Cooperative Extension). revised 2026-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina. NC State Extension. Published Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management. Penn State Extension. Updated February 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet. Penn State Extension. updated July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Asian Lady Beetle: 12 sources
- Asian Lady Beetles. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query for the four taxa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query result 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ladybug - Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle. Iowa State University Extension. originally published September 12, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle in the Landscape. NC State Extension. Reviewed/Revised November 3, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle (Harmonia Axyridis) As a Nuisance Pest In Households Throughout Ohio. Ohio State University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle. Penn State Extension. Updated August 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ladybugs (ENTFACT-702). University of Kentucky Entomology. Revised January 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? Multicolored Asian lady beetle. University of Minnesota Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sorting out myths about lady beetles: What's in a name?. University of Minnesota Extension (Minnesota Crop News). October 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle. USDA Agricultural Research Service. March 6, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle. University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension. Revised April 27, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- West Virginia Invasive Species Strategic Plan and Voluntary Guidelines (Appendix B). West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
Asian Longhorned Tick: 9 sources
- Asian Longhorned Tick Detected in Alabama. Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. April 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Where Ticks Live. CDC. archived copy, captured September 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick). Indiana Department of Health. dateModified 2026-10-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Animals and Pests. NJDEP. archived copy, captured February 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. updated November 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Haemaphysalis%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Disease in Kentucky (EF618). University of Kentucky Entomology Extension. Revised 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Asian Longhorned Ticks. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). archived copy, captured October 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector-Borne Diseases. Tennessee Department of Health. archived copy, captured August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Bald eagle: 13 sources
- Bald Eagle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-2 BIRDS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Aves". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Priority Species), SC State Wildlife Action Plan. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2015 plan list; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald Eagle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds » Tennessee's Birds (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition (Technical Series No. 32). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Nature Tourism Program); Bryan, Gallucci, Lockwood, Riskind. 2025 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Bald-faced Hornet: 11 sources
- Baldfaced Hornet. Penn State Extension. Updated June 24, 2026 (authored February 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bald-Faced Hornet (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Social Wasps: Yellowjackets, Hornets, and Paper Wasps. University of Maryland Extension. Updated April 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Baldfaced Hornets in Landscapes. NC State Extension. Reviewed/Revised June 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- What insect is this? Bald-faced hornet. University of Minnesota Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication 5488, dated 3/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management. Penn State Extension. Updated February 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina. NC State Extension. Published Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. published with major revisions October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p16). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Banana spider: 9 sources
- Joro Spiders: What You Need to Know. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-03-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-160 Pantropical Huntsman Spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), author G. B. Edwards (FDACS Division of Plant Industry). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HGIC 2503 Big Yellow Spiders in South Carolina. Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Originally published 08/21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Silk Spider or Joro Spider?, Bug's Eye View Vol. 8, No. 18. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2022 (Bug's Eye View Vol. 8, No. 18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Silk Spider, Bug's Eye View Vol. 3, No. 31 (Blake Layton). Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2017 (Bug's Eye View Vol. 3, No. 31; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY229 Golden Silk Spider, Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus) (Weems & Edwards). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Circular 1273 Joro Spider (Trichonephila clavata). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Circular 1273, October 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisonings, Envenomations, and Toxic Exposures During Travel (CDC Yellow Book). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Bark Scorpion: 23 sources
- Scorpion Management in Residential Homes. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-06-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center. 2026 footer; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of the Desert Southwest United States (az1768). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. 2018-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Scorpions. University of California Statewide IPM Program. Updated 12/2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- UGA CAES news article on scorpions. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. July 17, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Spooky Bug Brigade: Scorpions. UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. updated October 21, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions in North Carolina. NC State Extension. Reviewed/Revised Oct. 24, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species export: Scorpiones. New Mexico Department of Wildlife. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions. Arizona Department of Agriculture. archived copy, captured May 21, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of Colorado. Colorado State University Extension (Western Colorado Insects). file path 2017/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Bark Scorpion. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (G7364). University of Missouri Extension. archived copy, captured July 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arizona Bark Scorpion. National Park Service (Grand Canyon National Park). Prepared November 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (Digital Diagnostics). Oklahoma State University Extension. archived copy, captured November 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- IPM Action Plan for Bark Scorpions. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service (School IPM). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpion (Arthropod Museum). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (fact sheet). Utah State University Extension. June 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions - School IPM. Utah State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Top 20 Arachnids. Utah State University Extension (Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (ENTO-PU-032). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 05/22; checked November 3, 2026.
Barn spider (barn orbweaver): 5 sources
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- In Your Face Spiders and Other Orb Weavers (Buckeye Yard & Garden onLine). Ohio State University Extension (BYGL). September 11, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dancing, Deception and Cannibalism: The myths and realities of Maryland spiders. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (news.maryland.gov/dnr). archived copy, captured March 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arboreal Orbweaver (Spotted Orbweaver) (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Black Racer: 27 sources
- Black Racer. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (online field guide). Arizona Game and Fish Department. footer 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. May 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide: North American Racer. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan amphibians and reptiles (E-2000). Michigan State University Extension. Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Racer. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species export: Serpentes. New Mexico Department of Wildlife. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes and Lizards - Great Basin National Park. National Park Service. updated February 28, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State. NYSDEC. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Pub 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer (Coluber constrictor). UGA Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Black Racer (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut DEEP Wildlife Division. 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2015 District of Columbia Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer. MassWildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Black Racer: Maine 2025 Wildlife Action Plan SGCN report. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer Snake. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. archived copy, captured June 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Excerpt from Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Northern Black Racer. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife. 2002; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Racer - Fort Matanzas National Monument. National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians - Rock Creek Park. National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles: Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: snakes. University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Collections (Herps of Texas). 2020-07-23 archive capture; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia native and naturalized species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Black rat snake: 16 sources
- Western Ratsnake (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Animal Abstract: Gray Ratsnake (Pantherophis spiloides). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (Michigan State University Extension). Copyright 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake - North Carolina Wildlife Profiles. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Snakes (CNRE-56P, 420-021). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (J. Parkhurst). 2019); checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- It’s Baby Snake Season!. Virginia DWR (J.D. Kleopfer/DWR). September 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Identification: Avoid Being Confused!. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2019-04-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Ratsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus alleghaniensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Black widow spiders: 23 sources
- Black Widow and Recluses: Avoiding Venomous Spiders of the Southeast. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-11-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Backyard Gardener #177: Spiders. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. June 12, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Widow Spiders and Their Relatives. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2017-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow spiders: Why gardeners wear work gloves. University of Georgia CAES Field Report (UGA Cooperative Extension). published 2008-02-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Latrodectus mactans and L. variolus, Southern and Northern Black Widow Spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). November 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in and Around Homes. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 1, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of New York. NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Black Widow Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders Commonly Encountered in Pennsylvania and the Northeast. Penn State Extension. updated September 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow Spiders in South Carolina (HGIC 2518). Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Sep 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- PB1193 The Black Widow Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). PB1193-500-7/02 [July 2002 revision]; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (Venom: Animal Bites, Venomous Bites). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common House Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Blacklegged Tick: 23 sources
- Deer ticks (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tickborne Diseases (Musings on Nature blog). University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Where Ticks Live. CDC. archived copy, captured September 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases. Colorado State University Extension. Published February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks (Structural Pest Control). Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ixodes scapularis (Blacklegged tick). Indiana Department of Health. Page Last Reviewed/Updated: March 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tick Borne Illnesses in Michigan (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2765). Michigan Department of Community Health; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Agriculture; Michigan State University Extension. Issued 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Be Tick Free - A Guide for Preventing Lyme Disease. New York State Department of Health. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (HYG-2073). Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline); co-authors from the Ohio Department of Health. June 6, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis). Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Vector Management. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. updated November 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- What to Do After a Tick Bite. CDC. archived copy, captured November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacklegged Tick Surveillance. CDC. archived copy, captured October 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- How Lyme Disease Spreads. CDC. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Ixodes%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks (Minnesota Department of Health). Minnesota Department of Health. updated June 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Disease in Kentucky (EF618). University of Kentucky Entomology Extension. Revised 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacklegged Tick or Deer Tick (Tick Lab). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. page modified 2026-10-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lyme Disease. Virginia Department of Health. page modified 2025-05-27; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector-Borne Diseases. Tennessee Department of Health. archived copy, captured August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- About Ticks. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Blacktip Shark: 12 sources
- Blacktip Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured February 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blacktip Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Discover Fishes species profile: Carcharhinus limbatus (Blacktip shark). Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated February 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing the odds of a shark encounter (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii Sharks: Species List. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. archived copy, captured August 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus adamanteus, Storeria dekayi, Carcharhinus limbatus, Vespa crabro). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Blister Beetles: 5 sources
- Blister Beetles (Meloids) (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blister Beetle Management in Forages and Field Crops (E1002). NDSU Extension (North Dakota State University). E1002, revised December 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Blister Beetles in Alfalfa (ENTFACT-102). University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension, Entomology. ENTFACT-102; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests (Koehler & Diclaro). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date January 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Bobcat: 18 sources
- Bobcat. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Bobcats. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured January 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). May 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Mammals (archived copy). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured April 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Georgia Rabies Control Manual, Eighth Edition. Georgia Department of Public Health (hosted by Georgia DNR). December 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cougar. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Large Predators in New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (now Department of Wildlife). 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Tenth revision, February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Current List of Wild Mammals (2011). Pennsylvania Game Commission. archived copy, captured September 1, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nuisance Wildlife. Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bobcat (Lynx rufus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Native and Naturalized Species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Box Jellyfish: 7 sources
- What is the most venomous marine animal?. NOAA National Ocean Service. updated September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Jellyfish. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Understanding Jellyfish. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension (Camden County ANR). published 2023-08-22, modified 2025-09-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Box Jelly (animal guide). Waikiki Aquarium, University of Hawaii at Manoa. page modified 2020-07-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Box Jellyfish Calendar. Waikiki Aquarium, University of Hawaii at Manoa. September 30, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- CDC Yellow Book: Poisonings, Envenomations, and Toxic Exposures During Travel. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p16). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Boxelder bug: 11 sources
- Boxelder Bugs. Cornell Cooperative Extension, Chautauqua County. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs. Colorado State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs in the Landscape. NC State Extension. Reviewed/Revised Sept. 11, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs and Leaf-footed Bugs. Ohio State University CFAES. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bug. Penn State Extension. Revised December 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs. University of Maryland Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bug fact sheet. UNH Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs, Boisea trivittata (Say). University of Vermont Extension. Updated October 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bugs. University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Boxelder Bug, Boisea trivittatus. University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Land Invertebrates and Butterflies and Moths (selected species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Broad-headed skink: 23 sources
- Broad-headed Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Amphibians & Reptiles Checklist: lizards. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated December 14, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Argentine Black and White Tegus. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-Headed Skink (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Roots, Shoots, Fruits & Flowers: Holiday Cactus, Damaged Camellia, Stump Borer, a Native Lizard, and Cucumber Beetles. LSU AgCenter, Keith Hawkins. August 29, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-headed Skink (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured March 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Lizards (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-Headed Skink (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Pub 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broad-headed Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Broadhead Skink (Plestiodon laticeps). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Lizards, Frogs, and Toads. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Brown anole: 8 sources
- Brown Anole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (Herpetology at SREL; linked by SCDNR and GA DNR as species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
Brown marmorated stink bug: 9 sources
- Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. USDA National Agricultural Library, National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). page 'Updated: 05/2014'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Penn State Extension. authored February 2015, revised December 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Where Is BMSB?. StopBMSB.org (USDA NIFA SCRI project; Northeastern IPM Center). page states 'As of 2021'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Where Is BMSB? State-by-State. StopBMSB.org (USDA NIFA SCRI project; Northeastern IPM Center). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BMSB Detected (map category page). StopBMSB.org (USDA NIFA SCRI project; Northeastern IPM Center). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BMSB Not Detected (map category page). StopBMSB.org (USDA NIFA SCRI project; Northeastern IPM Center). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BMSB Intercepted (map category page). StopBMSB.org (USDA NIFA SCRI project; Northeastern IPM Center). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Brown recluse spider: 12 sources
- Venomous Spiders at Work (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured September 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY299 Brown Recluse Spider, Loxosceles reclusa. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS); author G. B. Edwards, FDACS-DPI. Original Aug 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Widow and Recluses: Avoiding Venomous Spiders of the Southeast. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. datePublished 2018-11-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders (Zoonosis Control). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- PB1191 The Brown Recluse Spider. University of Tennessee Extension. PB1191-500-7/02 [July 2002 reprint]; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTO-73 Spiders with Potentially Harmful Venom Found in Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech. Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in and Around Homes. NC State Extension. Publication date: Jan. 1, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Brown Recluse Spider (Species ID 300400). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). Species Distribution section last updated prior to 6/21/2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Brown Snake (Dekay's Brownsnake): 22 sources
- Dekay's Brownsnake (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Dekays Brownsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Florida Brownsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brownsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Dekay's Brownsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Not So Spooky: Mythbusting Snakes and Bats. Virginia DWR (blog, Molly Kirk/DWR). October 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- When encountering Michigan's snakes, best to leave them be. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 31, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Diamond Backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus adamanteus, Storeria dekayi, Carcharhinus limbatus, Vespa crabro). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Brown widow spider: 15 sources
- Pest Notes: Widow Spiders and Their Relatives. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2017-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow Spiders in South Carolina (HGIC 2518). Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Sep 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Widow Spiders (HGIC 2474). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Apr 6, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Latrodectus geometricus, Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) (P3797). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). November 10, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan (Chapter 6, Table 6.1 Invasive Species List). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Widow spiders: Why gardeners wear work gloves. University of Georgia CAES Field Report (UGA Cooperative Extension). published 2008-02-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown widow spiders – hiding in a log near you. University of Georgia CAES Field Report. published 2008-11-26; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY 560 Southern Black Widow Latrodectus mactans. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS, Featured Creatures). Original May 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY215 (IG099) Florida pests chapter on venomous arthropods. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Widow Spider. UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. page Last Modified 2026-09-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider Bites. Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. July 21, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 06/12). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. E-408 06/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Bull Shark: 11 sources
- Bull Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bull Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing the odds of a shark encounter (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bull Shark - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated February 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD email bulletin: Sharks? We've got a few in Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (GovDelivery bulletin). July 26, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
Bullsnake: 9 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gophersnake/Bullsnake (species profile). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake Pituophis catenifer sayi (Landowner Incentive Program habitat sheet). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (with US Fish and Wildlife Service). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake - Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. National Park Service. updated February 24, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Bullsnake (Pituophis catinefer sayi). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Burmese Python: 9 sources
- 50 CFR Part 16, Injurious Wildlife (eCFR). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Code of Federal Regulations, via eCFR). current eCFR text as retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Burmese Python. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus horridus, Lampropeltis triangulum, Python bivittatus, Phrynosoma spp.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burmese Pythons in Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Removing Pythons in Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Sightings of Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burmese Python - Everglades National Park. National Park Service. updated May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Burmese Python (Python bivittatus) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. updated November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
California kingsnake: 12 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. U.S. National Park Service. May 17, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: California Kingsnake (Species ID 030322). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated July 31, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Snakes: Information for New Mexico Homeowners (Circular 541). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised and electronically distributed July 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System: California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae), R058. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (California Interagency Wildlife Task Group). CWHR life history account R058; checked November 3, 2026.
- The King of Snakes - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. October 10, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. updated July 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Tuzigoot National Monument. National Park Service. updated January 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common kingsnake in Oregon | ODFW Wildlife Viewing. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Camel spider: 4 sources
- Backyard Gardener #8: Sopulgids or Sun Spiders. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension (Yavapai County). June 2, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Windscorpion (Pest Notes, Home and Landscape). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC Agriculture and Natural Resources). updated 05/2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sunspiders (insect information sheet). Colorado State University, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management. Version: July 31, 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Cane Toad: 5 sources
- WEC387 The Cane or "Bufo" Toad (Rhinella marina) in Florida. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original July 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cane Toad (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Cane Toad. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cane Toad (Rhinella marina) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 9/5/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mesoamerican Cane Toad (Rhinella horribilis) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision date 6/22/2022; checked November 3, 2026.
Carpenter bee: 6 sources
- Eastern Carpenter Bee (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter Bees (ENTFACT-611). University of Kentucky Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter Bees. Penn State Extension. updated May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Carpenter Bees (HGIC factsheet). Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center. published 2020-06-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina. NC State Extension. Publication date: Feb. 5, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original January 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
Cellar Spider: 9 sources
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured September 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider FAQs One Two Three. New York State Integrated Pest Management, Cornell University. March 10, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Longbodied Cellar Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cellar Spiders (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Chiggers: 3 sources
- Chiggers (E-34-W). Purdue Extension Entomology. April 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chiggers (E-365). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. page meta article:modified_time 2024-05-28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chiggers (ENY-212 / EDIS IG085). UF/IFAS Extension. revised January 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
Chuckwalla (common chuckwalla): 11 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Common Chuckwalla (Sauromalus ater). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sauromalus ater (Common Chuckwalla) Animal Abstract, Heritage Data Management System. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Last revision 2009-02-10 per revision list; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated September 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Chuckwalla (Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument). National Park Service. updated February 8, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Joshua Tree National Park). National Park Service. updated February 28, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (Mojave National Preserve). National Park Service. updated January 16, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (Death Valley National Park). National Park Service. updated January 17, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Coachwhip: 29 sources
- Eastern Coachwhip. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Coachwhip (Coluber flagellum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. U.S. National Park Service. May 17, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Coachwhip. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Coachwhip. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Indigo Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Coachwhip Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Snakes (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030005: Coachwhip. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated April 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Snakes: Information for New Mexico Homeowners (Circular 541). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised and electronically distributed July 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - White Sands National Park. National Park Service. updated September 24, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Racer (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Masticophis / Coluber flagellum). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Big Bend National Park. National Park Service. updated April 12, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Saguaro National Park. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
Common Five-lined Skink: 28 sources
- Five-lined Skink. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] fasciatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Five-lined Skink (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- SQUAMATA (PART-OTHER LIZARDS) - Other Lizards (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Five-lined Skink (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minnesota Rules 6134.0200 Animal Species (endangered, threatened, special concern). Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes (rules of the Minnesota DNR). Published Electronically: October 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-Lined Skink (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five-lined Skink (Eumeces [Plestiodon] fasciatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Plestiodon%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Are Blue-tailed Scorpions Poisonous (Panhandle Outdoors blog). UF/IFAS Extension, Northwest District (post by Erik Lovestrand). archived copy, captured June 6, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). March 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Copperhead: 39 sources
- Nongame Wildlife FAQs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide to The Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona - Snakes of Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Copperhead. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Copperhead. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Copperhead. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Viperidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New York (Environmental Information Series). SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Copperhead (Wildlife in Connecticut fact sheet). Connecticut DEEP, Wildlife Division. 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (Delaware DNREC). Delaware DNREC, Division of Fish and Wildlife. published 2021-07-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Copperhead (Wild About Snakes). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Copperhead (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Identification: Avoid Being Confused!. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2019-04-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fact Sheet FS1320: Eastern Copperheads in New Jersey. Rutgers Cooperative Extension (NJAES). December 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Copperhead (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outdoor Hazards in Wisconsin: A Guide to Insects, Plants, and Wildlife (G3564). University of Wisconsin-Extension. Copyright 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake (Venom: Animal Bites, Venomous Bites). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- It’s Baby Snake Season!. Virginia DWR (J.D. Kleopfer/DWR). September 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Celebrating Virginia’s Snakes in Honor of National Reptile Awareness Day. Virginia DWR (originally in Virginia Wildlife Magazine). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Snakes. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Coqui (common coqui): 8 sources
- Coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 5/30/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coqui frog (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: Coqui Frog. Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Common Coqui. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Amphibians, Hawaii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coqui Frog Control for Homeowners (MP-5). University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) Cooperative Extension. CTAHR publication MP-5, May 2006, May 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
Coral snakes: 31 sources
- Eastern Coral Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Wildlife FAQs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arizona Coral Snake. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Coralsnake (Micruroides euryxanthus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Harlequin Coralsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Eastern Coral Snake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Elapidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Harlequin Coralsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hunter Education Online Course: Snakes. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Snakes: Information for New Mexico Homeowners (Circular 541). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service (College of ACES). Revised and electronically distributed July 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Celebrating Virginia’s Snakes in Honor of National Reptile Awareness Day. Virginia DWR (originally in Virginia Wildlife Magazine). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Facts. Missouri Department of Conservation. no publication date shown; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coral Snake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. archived copy, captured August 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Corn snake: 15 sources
- Florida Snake ID Guide: Red Cornsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Corn Snake (Elaphe [Pantherophis] guttatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Corn Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Red cornsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Copperhead. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Cornsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Cornsnake (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Texas (Herps of Texas checklist). Herps of Texas, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide: Harlequin Coralsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
Cottonmouth: 18 sources
- Cottonmouth. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diamond-backed Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Cottonmouth (Florida Snake ID Guide). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated September 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottonmouth fact sheet. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. article:modified_time 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cottonmouth (Snake Species Field Guide). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cottonmouth (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Viperidae (NC State Extension). NC State Extension. Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Animals, Bites, and Stings (FAQ). U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Poison Help. archived copy, captured July 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cottonmouth. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles FAQs. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upstate Snakes: Some Frequently Asked Questions. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles: Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (TPWD Hunter Education). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes on the Water. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May 6, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Coyote: 19 sources
- Coyote Conflicts. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured March 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes (fact sheet). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. updated May 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Coyotes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Coyotes. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured April 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Coyotes. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Coyote (Canis latrans). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated February 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-6 MAMMALS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Current List of Wild Mammals in Pennsylvania (66). Pennsylvania Game Commission. archived copy, captured September 1, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coyote (Hunted) (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Carnivora. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Crab spiders: 11 sources
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flower Crab Spiders (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ground Crab Spiders (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 06/12), Wizzie Brown and Mike Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. E-408 06/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-160 Pantropical Huntsman Spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), author G. B. Edwards (FDACS Division of Plant Industry). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Cuban treefrog: 5 sources
- The Cuban Treefrog in Florida (WEC218, Steven A. Johnson). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication May 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- "Calls of the Wild" — Georgia Frogs CD. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 6/12/2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
Curly-tailed Lizard: 13 sources
- Gila Monster. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Amphibians & Reptiles Checklist: lizards. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated December 14, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated September 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida lizard's bad case of constipation makes history. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonnatives - Northern Curlytail Lizard. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured April 11, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonnatives - Red-sided Curlytail Lizard. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured October 21, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Sarasota: Lizard Land. UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. August 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- WEC291/UW336: Nonnative Reptiles in South Florida: Identification Guide. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). page copyright 2024 University of Florida; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Everglades National Park. U.S. National Park Service. updated April 21, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida invasive Leiocephalus carinatus ecological niche model, thermal environment, and thermal tolerance, 1991-2020. U.S. Geological Survey. May 13, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report queries (genus-wide). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Desert hairy scorpion: 14 sources
- Scorpions of the Desert Southwest United States (az1768). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. 2018-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Scorpions. University of California Statewide IPM Program. Updated 12/2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center. 2026 footer; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (fact sheet). Utah State University Extension. June 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions - School IPM. Utah State University Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of Colorado. Colorado State University Extension (Western Colorado Insects). file path 2017/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions. Arizona Department of Agriculture. archived copy, captured May 21, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects, Scorpions, and Other Invertebrates (Capitol Reef National Park). National Park Service. updated April 24, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arachnids (Arches National Park kids quiz page). National Park Service. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hadrurus jedediah (Black-back Scorpion), Idaho Fish and Game Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured November 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of Colorado. Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology (Extension entomology). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Directions - Arches National Park. National Park Service. updated April 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Desert iguana: 12 sources
- Gila Monster. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030035: Desert Iguana. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated August 7, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export, scientific-name queries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Iguana. Nevada Department of Wildlife. page dateModified 2021-10-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (Death Valley National Park). National Park Service. updated January 17, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Joshua Tree National Park). National Park Service. updated February 28, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated September 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Saguaro National Park). National Park Service. updated May 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vertebrate Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program (Publication 03-45). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. archived copy, captured October 19, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
Desert Tortoise: 13 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Agassiz’S Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Desert Tortoise (Gopherus morafkai). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- California Endangered Species Act (CESA). California Fish and Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- State and Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, CNDDB. October 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Gopherus agassizii (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Gopherus morafkai (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Tortoise. Nevada Department of Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Tortoise. National Park Service, Joshua Tree National Park. updated September 23, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). National Park Service, Mojave National Preserve. updated April 2, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Dobsonfly (eastern dobsonfly): 6 sources
- Colorado Insect of Interest: Western Dobsonfly. Colorado State University (Agricultural Biology / Extension entomology). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dobsonflies: Big, Beautiful and Harmless (Yard and Garden). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. July 24, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Dobsonfly (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hellgrammite (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Dobsonfly (Adult), Hellgrammite (Larva) Corydalus cornutus (EENY 414 / IN987). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), Featured Creatures. original publication July 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dobsonflies (Home and Garden IPM). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern box turtle: 19 sources
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Three-Toed Box Turtle (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Terrapene%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woodland Box Turtle (Virginia DWR species profile). Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated June 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern cicada killer: 12 sources
- Cicada Killer Wasp (ENT-63). Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline). May 13, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-004: Cicada Killer Wasps. University of Kentucky Entomology (Cooperative Extension). revised 2026-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cicada-Killer Wasp (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cicada Killer Wasps. University of Maryland Extension, Home and Garden Information Center. updated 2023-03-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cicada Killer, Giant Ground Hornet, Sphecius hogardii (Latreille) and Sphecius speciosus (Drury) (EENY295 / IN573). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS, Featured Creatures). publication date not shown in page text; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. 2016-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornets and Look-alikes (ENT-0102). Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline). February 21, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina. NC State Extension. published 2015-02-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 2004-08 (B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests (ENY-215). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). revised 2022-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet. Penn State Extension. updated 2024-07-19; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern collared lizard: 17 sources
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Code of Regulations 09.14 Native Wildlife Pets Restricted. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). version effective 2026-05-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Basin Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus bicinctores). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Eastern Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus nebrius). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Eastern Collared Lizard. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Lizards! (family and species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Eastern Collared Lizard. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated April 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Eastern Collared Lizard. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030030: Eastern Collared Lizard. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated June 9, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - El Malpais National Monument. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument. National Park Service. updated March 20, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Collared Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export, scientific-name queries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vertebrate Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program (Publication 03-45). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. archived copy, captured October 19, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake: 16 sources
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Diamond Backed Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites & Stings | Tennessee Poison Center. Tennessee Poison Center (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), Tennessee's poison-control program. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus adamanteus, Storeria dekayi, Carcharhinus limbatus, Vespa crabro). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern Fence Lizard: 21 sources
- Eastern Fence Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Lizards! (family and species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Lizards of New Jersey. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query: Sceloporus undulatus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern Indigo Snake: 8 sources
- Eastern Indigo Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Indigo Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Reptiles and Amphibians (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p32 taxa). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi). U.S.. archived copy, captured July 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Eastern Kingsnake: 21 sources
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Amphibians and Reptiles. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Snakes! (species gallery by family). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Amphibians & Reptiles (Larry L. Shaffer; reference book). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. ©1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles of West Virginia: A Field Checklist. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). Revised 12/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report queries (genus-wide). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Emerald ash borer: 14 sources
- Emerald Ash Borer. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). archived copy, captured October 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer - Field Guide. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. Minnesota Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects in Minnesota Confused with Emerald Ash Borer. Minnesota Department of Agriculture and Minnesota DNR. file path 2025-07; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer FAQ. Purdue University Extension Entomology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DEM announces Emerald Ash Borer found in Rhode Island (press release). Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (via RI.gov). Release date: 07-25-2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. Texas A&M Forest Service (state forestry agency). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. University of Maryland Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald Ash Borer. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Emerald ash borer: the dangers and costs of infested trees. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- State officials confirm first detection of emerald ash borer in Washington state. Washington State Department of Agriculture (official GovDelivery bulletin). Bulletin sent 08/19/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Japanese Beetle. Minnesota Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-Spotted Tiger Beetle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
European Hornet: 7 sources
- European Hornet. Penn State Extension. updated July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet in the Landscape (PDIC Factsheet). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension). Publication date: Nov. 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 3/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. published with major revisions October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus adamanteus, Storeria dekayi, Carcharhinus limbatus, Vespa crabro). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
False widow spiders: 6 sources
- Pest Notes: Widow Spiders and Their Relatives. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2017-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- False Black Widow Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. archived copy, captured October 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common House Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Feral hog (feral swine, wild pig): 29 sources
- Feral Swine: Managing an Invasive Species. USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (National Feral Swine Damage Management Program). archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine: Identification. USDA APHIS Wildlife Services. archived copy, captured October 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine: History and Distribution. USDA APHIS Wildlife Services. archived copy, captured October 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine: Damage to People and Pets. USDA APHIS Wildlife Services. archived copy, captured May 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- About Brucellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). archived copy, captured September 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Hog (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Hog (hunting page). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species: Russian Boar. Michigan Invasive Species Program (Michigan DNR, EGLE and MDARD). archived copy, captured September 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine in Ohio: Managing Damage and Conflicts (Fact sheet W-26). Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline); authors from ODNR Division of Wildlife, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services and OSU. Copyright 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs vs. Javelina (Coping with Feral Hogs). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. dateModified 2024-05-17; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Hog. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: European Wild Hog/Feral Hog/European-Feral Crossbreed. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs (Wild Pigs) in Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Feral Hogs. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral / Wild Hog. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Pig. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine. Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Swine. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Feral Hogs. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Mammals (47 results; species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Statuses > Invasive (61 results). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals » Bats, Large, Medium, Small (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild Boar. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawai'i State Wildlife Action Plan 2025 (as submitted to the Regional Review Team October 1, 2025). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. October 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 050817: Feral Pig. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated December 14, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
Fire ants: 19 sources
- Flooding and Fire Ants. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-12-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Swarming Fire Ants. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-06-15; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Red Imported Fire Ant. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2013-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-195 Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Imported Fire Ants in Urban Areas (Bulletin 1191). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. March 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Little Fire Ant (LFA) (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) (invasive species profile). Hawaii Invasive Species Council (Hawaii DLNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- LDWF species profile: Red Imported Fire Ant. archived copy, captured December 5, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Imported Fire Ant in North Carolina. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: June 20, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fire Ant Management in the Home Lawn (HGIC 2501). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Updated Jun 6, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Imported Fire Ants. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). archived copy, captured October 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 7 CFR 301.81-3 Quarantined areas (Imported Fire Ant). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (Office of the Federal Register / GPO). eCFR as of 2026-10-30; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fire Ants in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Diagnosing and Treating Nondomestic and Exotic Animals for Red Imported Fire Ant Injury (ENTO-004 03/14). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 03/14; checked November 3, 2026.
- Medical Information (Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension / Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project. September 19, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Imported Fire Ant. Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), Office of Plant Industry Services. current 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- VDACS Announces Expansion of Virginia’s Imported Fire Ant Quarantine. VDACS (press release). May 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Guide to Prevention, Bites and Stings. Virginia Poison Center, VCU Health (state poison-control program). archived copy, captured July 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
Fisher: 17 sources
- Fisher. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. archived copy, captured July 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about fishers. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured April 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Rhode Island DEM Division of Fish and Wildlife. archived copy, captured February 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut DEEP Wildlife Division. rev. 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishers (Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated October 29, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile for Fisher (Pekania pennanti), ECOS. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. rendered 2026-11-03 in a headless browser; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (Pekania pennanti). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered Species Status for Southern Sierra Nevada Distinct Population Segment of Fisher (final rule). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Register. May 15, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fisher (Extirpated; Re-introduced) (Hunted) (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
Fishing spider: 14 sources
- Fishing Spider (Insect Advice from Extension). Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Commonly Encountered Pennsylvania Spiders. Penn State Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing Spiders (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. published 2019-03-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark Fishing Spider, Bug's Eye View Vol. 8, No. 25. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2022 (newsletter volume/issue; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing Spiders and Wolf Spiders. NC State Extension. Publication date Sept. 11, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing spiders (MSU Crop Advisory Team Alerts archive). Michigan State University Extension. June 11, 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing spider (What insect is this?). University of Minnesota Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Spiders (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dark Fishing Spider (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Fishing Spider (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication 5140, publication date 7/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishing spiders, Dolomedes (Econotes). Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. 2005 Econote; checked November 3, 2026.
Florida panther: 9 sources
- A guide to living with Florida Panthers (brochure). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 4, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Florida Panthers. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured April 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther: Description. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther: Biology. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther: Species Profile - Everglades National Park. National Park Service. page 'Last updated: December 7, 2022'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Mammals (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Florida panther (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live ECOS database query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion Sightings Not Likely in Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Fowler's toad: 30 sources
- Fowler's Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Buffalo National River. National Park Service. updated December 11, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler's Toad (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- ANURA - Frogs (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler’s Toad (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured September 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler's Toad (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated February 17, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler’s Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] fowleri). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and toads (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured December 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Toad. Illinois Natural History Survey. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report queries: Anaxyrus fowleri, Bufo fowleri, Bufo woodhousii. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Garter snake: 31 sources
- Eastern Garter Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Black-Necked Gartersnake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Terrestrial Gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Gartersnake (Thamnophis eques). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Checkered Gartersnake (Thamnophis marcianus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Common Gartersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Ribbonsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Gartersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Garter Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report export: Scientific Name like 'Thamnophis%'. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live ECOS database export retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non Venomous Snakes. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. U.S. National Park Service. May 17, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Conservationist for Kids: amphibians and reptiles. NYSDEC. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians FAQs. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of East Tennessee (poster). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Region IV. archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Not So Spooky: Mythbusting Snakes and Bats. Virginia DWR (blog, Molly Kirk/DWR). October 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Giant African land snail: 6 sources
- Giant African Land Snail. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Alert: Lissachatina fulica, Giant African Land Snail (FDACS-P-01717). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Pest Alert revised June 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-512 Giant African Land Snail in Florida (Capinera). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original October 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Injurious Wildlife. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawai'i State Wildlife Action Plan 2025 (as submitted to the Regional Review Team October 1, 2025). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. October 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Neuroangiostrongyliasis (Rat Lungworm). Hawaii State Department of Health, Disease Outbreak Control Division. case table 'as of November 2, 2026'; checked November 3, 2026.
Giant Desert Centipede: 5 sources
- Giant redheaded centipede (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant Red-headed Centipede (MDC Field Guide species page; also listed under Safety Concerns > Venomous). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Scolopendra%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Centipedes (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scolopendra heros - Giant Redheaded Centipede (H) (photo record). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, El Paso County Urban Programs. Posted on March 4, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
Giant Water Bugs: 5 sources
- Giant Water Bugs (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. Reviewed On 2024-01-04; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (EENY-301). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), Featured Creatures. original July 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant Water Bug (Bug's Eye View, Vol. 10, No. 08). Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant Water Bug (Home and Garden IPM). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. published 2013-01-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Gila monster: 8 sources
- Gila Monster - Saguaro National Park. U.S. National Park Service. August 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster - Nevada Department of Wildlife. Nevada Department of Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum) Recovery Plan. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). 5 April 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: Squamata. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report export (cn, sn, status, desc, listing_date). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Glass Lizard: 29 sources
- Eastern Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Slender Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mimic Glass Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Glass Lizard (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Slender Glass Lizard (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Island Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus compressus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mimic Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Ophisaurus%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Wild About Illinois Lizards). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Slender Glass Lizard (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Slender Glass Lizard (Big South Fork NRRA). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recognizing Florida's Venomous Snakes (UW229). UF/IFAS Extension (Ask IFAS). WEC 202/UW229 'Recognizing Florida's Venomous Snakes' 2024); checked November 3, 2026.
- Slender Glass Lizard (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklists of Wisconsin Vertebrates (PUB-SS-954), Watermolen and Murrell. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Integrated Science Services. 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
Golden silk orb weaver: 9 sources
- Joro Spiders: What You Need to Know. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-03-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-160 Pantropical Huntsman Spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), author G. B. Edwards (FDACS Division of Plant Industry). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HGIC 2503 Big Yellow Spiders in South Carolina. Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Originally published 08/21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jorō Spiders. Penn State Extension. September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Silk Spider or Joro Spider?, Bug's Eye View Vol. 8, No. 18. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2022 (Bug's Eye View Vol. 8, No. 18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Golden Silk Spider, Bug's Eye View Vol. 3, No. 31 (Blake Layton). Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2017 (Bug's Eye View Vol. 3, No. 31; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY229 Golden Silk Spider, Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus) (Weems & Edwards). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Circular 1273 Joro Spider (Trichonephila clavata). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Circular 1273, October 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
Gopher snake (gophersnake): 12 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) - Field Guide. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minnesota Rules 6134.0200 Animal Species (endangered, threatened, special concern). Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes (Minnesota DNR rule). Published Electronically: October 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- We Brake for Snakes! - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. updated June 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes and Lizards - Great Basin National Park. National Park Service. updated February 28, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Snake - Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. National Park Service. updated February 8, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Bullsnake (Pituophis catinefer sayi). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer). Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Gopher Tortoise: 10 sources
- Gopher Tortoise (Species Profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Tortoise (FWC home page). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Finding for the Gopher Tortoise Eastern and Western Distinct Population Segments (87 FR 61834). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register via GovInfo). October 12, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Gopherus polyphemus (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Tortoise. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gopher Tortoise profile (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Reptiles and Amphibians (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
Grass spiders: 12 sources
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grass Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide: Grass Spiders. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Hobo Spider (UC ANR Publication 7488). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR). 2015-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name queries: Agelenopsis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Gray treefrog: 17 sources
- Cope's Gray Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Tree Frog Cope's and Northern (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope’s Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog and Cope's Gray Treefrog (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Hyla%' or 'Dryophytes%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
Gray Wolf: 18 sources
- Red Wolf (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated September 10, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured April 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf (Canis lupus) species profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf Recovery News and Updates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) species page. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Status Assessment for the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Eastern United States, Version 1.1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. November 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Wolf (field guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Conservation & Management Program. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolves - Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service. updated September 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf - Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service. updated September 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf in Oregon (wildlife viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf (Canis lupus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray wolf in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report export: Canis lupus listing entries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Great blue heron: 13 sources
- Great Blue Heron. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-2 BIRDS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Aves". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Priority Species), SC State Wildlife Action Plan. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2015 plan list; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 10.13 - List of Migratory Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulation (eCFR, Office of the Federal Register). Title 50 up to date as of 10/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Blue Heron (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great blue heron (Discover PA Wildlife). Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds » Tennessee's Birds (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition (Technical Series No. 32). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Nature Tourism Program); Bryan, Gallucci, Lockwood, Riskind. 2025 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Great white shark: 10 sources
- White Shark Information. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Marine Region). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational regulations: Sharks. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes: Sharks (Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary). NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Proclamation FF-3-2026: Shark commercial and recreational opening date and harvest restrictions. NC Division of Marine Fisheries. effective January 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- White Shark. NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 09/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Safety at Cape Cod. National Park Service, Cape Cod National Seashore. updated August 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Public Safety. New York State DEC. archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks. New York State DEC. archived copy, captured August 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division. 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Native and Naturalized Species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Greater roadrunner: 10 sources
- Greater Roadrunner - White Sands National Park. National Park Service. updated August 21, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Roadrunner (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater Roadrunner (Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- State Bird. New Mexico Secretary of State. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Greater roadrunner (New Mexico Wildlife magazine). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Vol 59 #2, Summer 2016 edition listed on page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 10.13 - List of Migratory Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulation (eCFR, Office of the Federal Register). Title 50 up to date as of 10/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Green anole: 10 sources
- Northern Green Anole. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii National Parks Herpetofauna Inventory: park species lists for Haleakala (HALE), Hawaii Volcanoes (HAVO), Kalaupapa (KALA). National Park Service, Pacific Island Network (inventory data by F. Kraus). 2005-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Anole (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Green iguana: 9 sources
- Green Iguana (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 9, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida's Introduced Reptiles: Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) (WEC440). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). original publication July 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Alligator Lizard Found on Christmas Tree in Hilo and Iguana Captured in Waimanalo (NR19-22). Hawaii Department of Agriculture (now Department of Agriculture & Biosecurity). posted Nov 27, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- FAQ: Are there invasive reptiles other than Burmese pythons in the United States that people should be concerned about?. U.S. Geological Survey. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Injurious Wildlife. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Iguana iguana). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Green Treefrog: 19 sources
- Green Treefrog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated August 5, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Florida Frog Calls). Florida Museum of Natural History. updated November 30, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Cuban Treefrog in Florida (WEC218/UW259). UF/IFAS Extension (Ask IFAS). WEC218, doi edis-UW259-2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Hyla%' or 'Dryophytes%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Dryophytes cinereus) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision date 5/3/2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Virginia DWR species profile). Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated August 14, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Green Treefrog (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Treefrog and Cope's Gray Treefrog (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cope's Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Grizzly bear: 11 sources
- Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Bears - Bears. U.S. National Park Service. April 5, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Staying Safe Around Bears. U.S. National Park Service. September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bears - Glacier National Park. U.S. National Park Service. November 6, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Grizzly bear. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Bear Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Black Bears. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: Mammalia. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Carnivora. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report export (cn, sn, status, desc, listing_date). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Hammerhead Shark: 23 sources
- Common Shark Species Occurring in Alabama's Coastal Waters Identification and Information Guide. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scalloped Hammerhead. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bonnethead Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured April 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Hammerhead Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing the odds of a shark encounter (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Fact Sheet. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. archived copy, captured October 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii Sharks: Species List. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Saltwater Finfish. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey Shark Regulations (2026 Marine Digest). New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife (official digest hosted by eRegulations). updated May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- State Record Marine Sport Fish (2026 Marine Digest). New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife (official digest hosted by eRegulations). updated October 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. archived copy, captured August 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Hammerhead - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated May 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scalloped Hammerhead - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated May 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Species Directory). NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 02/26/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of Virginia. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (William & Mary). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Limits (Outdoor Annual). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Outdoor Annual; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Hellbender: 8 sources
- Eastern Hellbender. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hellbender (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Status Assessment: Eastern hellbender (NY SWAP 2025). New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Date Updated January 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Help the Hellbender: North America's Giant Salamander (FNR-536-W). Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources (Purdue Extension). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered Species Status for Eastern Hellbender (proposed rule). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register 89 FR 100934). published 2024-12-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered Species Status for the Missouri DPS of Eastern Hellbender (final rule). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register 86 FR 13465). published 2021-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered Status for the Ozark Hellbender Salamander (final rule). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register 76 FR 61956). published 2011-10-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p16). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Hercules beetles: 8 sources
- Eastern Hercules Beetle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hercules Beetle, Bug's Eye View No. 1 (Blake Layton). Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dynastes tityus, Eastern Hercules Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (P4051; Hudnall and Carlton). LSU AgCenter. 4/29/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hercules beetle. University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Dynastes tityus, Dynastes grantii, Cardinalis cardinalis, Chrysemys picta, Chrysemys dorsalis, Canis rufus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Land Invertebrates and Butterflies and Moths (selected species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Hickory Tussock Moth Caterpillar: 9 sources
- Hickory Tussock Moth Caterpillar. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hickory Tussock (Tiger) Moth (Buckeye Yard & Garden onLine). Ohio State University Extension. Published June 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hickory Tussock Moth. Maine Forest Service, Maine DACF. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Should I be worried about the fuzzy caterpillars that are defoliating my oak?. University of New Hampshire Extension. September 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tussock Caterpillars. University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hickory Tussock Moth (Home and Garden IPM fact sheet). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Start looking out for stinging caterpillars (AgriLife Today). Texas A&M AgriLife (AgriLife Today, quoting AgriLife Extension specialists). 2025-05-29 (published; checked November 3, 2026.
- What can sting but cannot fly … yet?. Tennessee Poison Center (Vanderbilt University Medical Center). July 21, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Urticating Caterpillars in Florida: 1. Io Moth. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. January/February 1994; checked November 3, 2026.
Hobo Spider: 8 sources
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders (Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured September 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hobo Spiders, Eratigena agrestis (MSU Extension IPM fact sheet). Montana State University Extension IPM Program. August 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Hobo Spider (UC ANR Publication 7488). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR). 2015-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- CIS-1221 Hobo Spiders in Idaho (publication page). University of Idaho Extension. December 31, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hobo Spider (Utah Pests fact sheet). Utah State University Extension / Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab. April 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hobo spider (Pestsense fact sheet). Washington State University (CAHNRS Pestsense). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Hognose Snake: 27 sources
- Eastern Hognose Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake (Heterodon kennerlyi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Hog Nosed Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Southern Hog Nosed Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Hog-nosed Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Hognose Snake (Heterodon simus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Hognose Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Hog-Nosed Snake. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Hog-Nosed Snake. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tennessee Watchable Wildlife: Eastern Hog-nosed Snake. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Pigmy Rattlesnake. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
Horned Lizard: 21 sources
- Texas Horned Lizard. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Goode’S Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) goodei). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Greater Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Tapaja) hernandesi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Flat-Tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Anota) mcallii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Round-Tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) modestum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Desert Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Doliosaurus) platyrhinos). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Regal Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma (Anota) solare). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (species profile). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus horridus, Lampropeltis triangulum, Python bivittatus, Phrynosoma spp.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Arizona field guide: Lizards (species list page). Arizona Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Horse fly: 6 sources
- Horse and Deer Flies. Purdue University Entomology Extension (public health site). Copyright 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horse Flies (Home and Garden IPM). University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horse Flies and Deer Flies. NC State Extension (NC State University / N.C. A&T). Published May 1, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horse Flies and Deer Flies (ENTFACT-511). University of Kentucky Entomology. Revised 01/00; checked November 3, 2026.
- Deer Flies and Horse Flies (XHT1049). University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension. Revised 4/27/2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Horse and Deer Flies. University of Maryland Extension. Updated October 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
House centipede: 7 sources
- House Centipede (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Centipedes (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Millipedes (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- House Centipedes. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026 (original Steve Jacobs 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Centipedes. University of Maryland Extension. updated March 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Silverfish Lepisma saccharina (EENY-705/IN1211, Featured Creatures). University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS / Ask IFAS). EENY-705: original publication date May 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees, Spiders & Other Bugs. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
Huntsman spider: 6 sources
- EENY299 Brown Recluse Spider, Loxosceles reclusa (G. B. Edwards, FDACS-DPI). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Aug 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-160 Pantropical Huntsman Spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), author G. B. Edwards (FDACS Division of Plant Industry). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Huntsman spider, Heteropoda venatoria (SpeciesID 306950). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated March 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Giant Crab Spider, Olios giganteus (SpeciesID 306990). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated September 20, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Io Moth Caterpillar: 15 sources
- Io Moth, Automeris io (Fabricius) (EENY-608, Featured Creatures). University of Florida IFAS Extension. archived copy, captured June 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Venomous Caterpillars of the Southeast (SP107). University of Florida IFAS Extension. archived copy, captured December 14, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado Insect of Interest: Io Moth. Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outdoors Portrait: Io moth (Montana Outdoors). Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. archived copy, captured September 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Io Moth (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars (Home, Yard & Garden Pest Newsletter). University of Illinois Extension. archived copy, captured April 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Venomous Caterpillars (Gardening Solutions). University of Florida IFAS Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Urticating Caterpillars in Florida: 1. Io Moth. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. January/February 1994; checked November 3, 2026.
- What can sting but cannot fly … yet?. Tennessee Poison Center (Vanderbilt University Medical Center). July 21, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars on Shrubs. University of Maryland Extension. archived copy, captured June 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars (HGIC 2482). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Feb 6, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Puss Caterpillar, Bug's Eye View Vol. 7, No. 19. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites & Stings. West Virginia Poison Center, West Virginia University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Start looking out for stinging caterpillars (AgriLife Today). Texas A&M AgriLife (AgriLife Today, quoting AgriLife Extension specialists). 2025-05-29 (published; checked November 3, 2026.
Japanese Beetle: 7 sources
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Japanese Beetle (Plant Health). California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Japanese Beetle (Yard and Garden encyclopedia). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. originally published September 12, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-451: Japanese Beetles in the Urban Landscape. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension (Entomology). Revised: 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Japanese Beetle. Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beetle 101 (Japanese beetle). Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Japanese Beetle. Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Javelina: 10 sources
- Living with Javelina. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured March 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Javelina in Trans-Pecos West Texas Habitat. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Javelinas (Introducing Mammals to Young Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Javelina in Texas (PWD BK W7000-1669). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. © 2008 TPWD, PWD BK W7000-1669; checked November 3, 2026.
- Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu), RWFM-PU-420. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. September 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Collared Peccary. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. book: The Mammals of Texas, 7th ed. 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Javelinas (Big Bend National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated July 5, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Javelina (Saguaro National Park). U.S. National Park Service. updated May 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Javelinas. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. PDF Last-Modified 2024-10-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Joro spider: 9 sources
- Joro Spider: Trichonephila clavata (Circular 1273). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Managing Joro Spiders in the Landscape (Circular 1289). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. August 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Joro or not? Test your spider-spotting skills with this quiz. UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES Field Report). October 30, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Jorō Spider (HGIC 2517). Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. November 21, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jorō Spiders. Penn State Extension. September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- W1415 Jorō Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). 2026-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Joro Spiders: What You Need to Know. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-03-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jorō Spider: Description, Behavior, and Contrast with Similar Species (FS1386). Rutgers Cooperative Extension (NJAES). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Joro Spider In North Carolina. N.C. Cooperative Extension, Henderson County Center. September 25, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Jumping spiders: 9 sources
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bold Jumper Spider. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra Jumper. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Kissing bug: 8 sources
- Zoonoses. Alabama Department of Public Health. updated 2026-06-30; checked November 3, 2026.
- What You Should Know About Kissing Bugs (az1992). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. September 2025 (revised; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Conenose Bugs. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR Cooperative Extension). updated 07/2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing Bugs of Louisiana: Biology, Identification and Prevention (AG0426r1). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). April 2026 4/26'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing Bugs & Chagas Disease: What You Need to Know. Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- About Chagas Disease. CDC (National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases). archived copy, captured October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- How Chagas Disease Spreads. CDC (National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wheel bugs and other assassin bugs (ENT-1003). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service (Insects in the City). page modified 2016-01-14; checked November 3, 2026.
Leatherback sea turtle: 12 sources
- Atlantic Leatherback. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Turtle Recovery Efforts. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leatherback Sea Turtle (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Sea Turtles. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leatherback Turtle (Species Directory). NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 08/03/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report a Stranded or Injured Marine Animal. NOAA Fisheries. regional sections last updated 2024-04-30 to 2026-10-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Lemon Shark: 7 sources
- Lemon Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. eCFR 'up to date as of 10/30/2026', retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report export query (scientific name = Negaprion brevirostris). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lemon Shark - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated February 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Leopard Frog: 45 sources
- Southern Leopard Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Rio Grande Leopard Frog (Lithobates berlandieri). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plains Leopard Frog (Lithobates blairi). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Relict Leopard Frog (Lithobates onca). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Lowland Leopard Frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Northern Leopard Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Leopard Frog. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Amphibian. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered by Protection Status (Federally Endangered, Federally Threatened, State Endangered, State Threatened, State Special Concern). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS Species List: Amphibians, Hawaii. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Leopard Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Frogs and toads (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey's Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. archived copy, captured August 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated February 17, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Toads and Frogs of New Jersey. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Anura". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coastal Plains Leopard Frog. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Leopard Frog. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Leopard Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sphenocephala). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Southern Leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephala). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query: common name contains leopard frog (plus Rana yavapaiensis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Lionfish: 9 sources
- Spearfishers Cash in on Lionfish Money. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. October 17, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured October 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and sharks of Gray's Reef. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card: lionfish. Bishop Museum, Hawaii Biological Survey. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- What is a lionfish?. NOAA National Ocean Service. updated September 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured January 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Impacts of Invasive Lionfish. NOAA Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. updated November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Loggerhead sea turtle: 17 sources
- Loggerhead Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Sea Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Turtle Recovery Efforts. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawai'i State Wildlife Action Plan 2025 (as submitted to the Regional Review Team October 1, 2025). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. October 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Sea Turtle (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Sea Turtles. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Turtle (Species Directory). NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 07/13/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report a Stranded or Injured Marine Animal. NOAA Fisheries. regional sections last updated 2024-04-30 to 2026-10-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Lone star tick: 9 sources
- About Alpha-gal Syndrome. CDC. archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Where Ticks Live. CDC. archived copy, captured September 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. published with major revisions October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lyme disease and other diseases carried by ticks (Publication 2825). New York State Department of Health. Revised: July 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (HYG-2073). Ohio State University Extension. June 6, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. updated November 27, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vector-borne diseases. Tennessee Department of Health. archived copy, captured August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Native and Naturalized Species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- About Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness. CDC. archived copy, captured October 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Lovebug: 6 sources
- EENY-47/IN204: Lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS, Featured Creatures). Original publication August 1998; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-840/IN694: Living with Lovebugs. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication January 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fact Or Fiction? The Truth About Those Pesky Lovebugs. UF/IFAS News. Posted May 27, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lovebugs. Texas A&M Forest Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plecia spp., Lovebugs (Diptera: Bibionidae). LSU AgCenter. page timestamp 8/14/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- What is it? Wednesday: Lovebug. Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. ©2021 Clemson Extension; checked November 3, 2026.
Luna moth: 3 sources
- Luna Moth (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Luna Moth, Actias (=Tropaea) luna (EENY-411/IN737, Featured Creatures). University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS / Ask IFAS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Luna Moth (HGIC factsheet). Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center. published 2020-08-06; checked November 3, 2026.
Manatee (West Indian manatee; in the US mainly the Florida manatee): 13 sources
- West Indian Manatee Study. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Manatee (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured August 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Manatee Program. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Manatee Viewing Guidelines. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured August 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured September 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Mammals (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-6 MAMMALS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Manatees in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Trichechus manatus. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Mammals Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Threatened and Endangered Species List. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). 9/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Massasauga rattlesnake: 35 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quick Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Massasauga Rattlesnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Cool Things You Should Know About Snakes (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). October 28, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga (Wild About Illinois Snakes). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Snakes! (species gallery by family). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles FAQs. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Western Massasauga. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated February 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- SQUAMATA (PART-SNAKES) - Snakes (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- DNR urges public to give eastern massasauga rattlesnake its space. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured August 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- When encountering Michigan's snakes, best to leave them be. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 31, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Abstract for Sistrurus catenatus (Eastern massasauga). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MSU Extension). Lee et al. 2026, Species Abstract; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes and Lizards of Minnesota (EWR_448_18). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program. ©2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030130: Western Massasauga. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured July 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured July 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (scientific name starts with Sistrurus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Outdoor Hazards in Wisconsin: A Guide to Insects, Plants, and Wildlife (G3564). University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension (Craven, Pellitteri, Renz). R-09-2010; checked November 3, 2026.
Mediterranean house gecko: 17 sources
- Turkish (Mediterranean) House Gecko. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonnative Geckos. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured December 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) – Introduced. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Lizards! (family and species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mediterranean Gecko. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. dateModified 2026-03-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Louisiana Critter Corner: Mediterranean Gecko (June 2013). LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service), Dr. Don Reed. June 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Milk Snake: 26 sources
- Eastern Milk Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Milk Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Milksnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Milksnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Assistance With Identification of Snakes (Table 1. Snake Species in Upstate South Carolina). SCDNR. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus horridus, Lampropeltis triangulum, Python bivittatus, Phrynosoma spp.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Louisiana Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum amaura). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations (220-2-.92). Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Scarlet Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Priority Species), SC State Wildlife Action Plan (2015 list). South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2015 plan list; checked November 3, 2026.
- SCDNR Upstate Snakes: The Red Snakes. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Millipedes: 4 sources
- Millipedes (julid millipedes) ID sheet (Cranshaw & Peairs). Colorado State University, Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management. Version: July 30, 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Millipedes (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Millipedes. Penn State Extension. updated June 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bulletin 1088 Millipedes and Centipedes (Elmer Gray). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension (CAES). published with minor revisions on June 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
Mojave Rattlesnake: 15 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mohave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Rattlesnakes. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured June 9, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Rattlesnakes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2014-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030165: Mojave Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Death Valley National Park. National Park Service. updated January 17, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Lake Mead National Recreation Area. National Park Service. updated January 30, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Mojave National Preserve. National Park Service. updated January 16, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mojave Green Rattlesnake - Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. National Park Service. updated October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Saguaro National Park. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query: Crotalus scutulatus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Moose: 13 sources
- Moose Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Moose. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Moose. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (Michigan species). Michigan DNR. archived copy, captured May 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose management. Minnesota DNR. archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Moose (Species ID 050197). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (BISON-M). updated April 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals - Acadia National Park. National Park Service. updated August 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose - Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service. updated October 14, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose - Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service. updated April 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. New York State DEC. archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (MyODFW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Moose (Alces alces). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Mountain lion: 18 sources
- Cougar. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured December 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Mountain Lions. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion Sightings Not Likely in Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cougar (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Large Predators in New Mexico (2016). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Cougar. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured June 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- SC State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Overview of the Taxonomic Groups. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Mountain Lions. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Eastern Puma (=Cougar) From the Federal List (final rule, FR Doc. 2018-01127). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). Federal Register 2018-01-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lion (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cougar (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Mountain Lion (Puma concolor). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mountain Lions (Cougars) in Texas (PWD BR W7000-232). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 6/08); checked November 3, 2026.
Mud dauber: 10 sources
- Pest Notes: Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps. UC Statewide IPM Program. Updated 03/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests. UF/IFAS Extension. Revised Feb 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. 3/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black and Yellow Mud Dauber (Colorado Insect of Interest). Colorado State University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mud Daubers. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-654/IN1478 Black and Yellow Mud Dauber. UF/IFAS Extension (Featured Creatures). Original May 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mud Daubers. University of Maryland Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black and yellow mud dauber. University of Minnesota Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Musk Turtle: 29 sources
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flattened Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Loggerhead Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Razor-backed Musk Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinkpot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stripeneck / Loggerhead Musk Turtle (Sternotherus minor). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Turtles! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Sternotherus odoratus (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Sternotherus depressus (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flattened Musk Turtle. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Musk Turtle. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinkpot / Eastern Musk Turtle. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated March 10, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
Nile Monitor: 7 sources
- Injurious Wildlife. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Varanus niloticus (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nile Monitor. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Is Containment or Eradication Possible for Invasive Nile Monitors?. University of Florida IFAS, The Croc Docs (FLREC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date: 4/22/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Nine-banded armadillo: 13 sources
- Armadillo. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Armadillo (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 29, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Mammals (FWC; archived copy, incomplete). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- WSFNR-17-36 Nine-banded Armadillo (M. T. Mengak). University of Georgia Warnell School (Extension publication series; PDF hosted on gadnrle.org). May 2017'); checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Armadillo, Nine-Banded (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-6 MAMMALS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- South Carolina Species Information: Armadillos. SCDNR (prepared by National Wildlife Control Training Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nine-Banded Armadillo (Hunted) (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Dasypus novemcinctus. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
North American porcupine: 15 sources
- Porcupine (Wildlife Note). Pennsylvania Game Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living With Porcupines. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Internet Archive copy dated 2026-05-24; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about porcupines. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (mass.gov). Internet Archive copy dated 2025-09-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Porcupine Species Profile. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Porcupine. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Internet Archive copy dated 2026-05-24; checked November 3, 2026.
- Porcupines: Introducing Mammals to Young Naturalists. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (reprint on tpwd.texas.gov). 1990; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species account of the North American Porcupine (The Mammals of Texas, online edition). Natural Science Research Laboratory, Texas Tech University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Keep Your Distance: Porcupine Leaves Lasting Impression. National Park Service (Acadia National Park). updated January 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- DWR Needs Your Help to Track Rare and Elusive Animals. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. Last-Modified 2026-10-29 (page meta; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: Mammalia. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State (Tenth revision). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 3/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Rodentia. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Northern cardinal: 16 sources
- Northern Cardinal (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Cardinal. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Birds » Tennessee's Birds (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Summer Tanager (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bird Continually Hitting Window. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 10.13 List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (regulation published in the eCFR, Office of the Federal Register). current eCFR text as of 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Birds. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 11/2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-2 BIRDS SGCN and Priority Species List. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition (Technical Series No. 32). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: Aves. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). species booklet; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Primary Checklist (The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands, Pyle & Pyle). Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). Version 2, 1 January 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Dynastes tityus, Dynastes grantii, Cardinalis cardinalis, Chrysemys picta, Chrysemys dorsalis, Canis rufus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Northern Snakehead: 22 sources
- Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. Revision Date 12/22/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Snakehead - Collections (Mississippi). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakehead. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Snakehead Threat. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bowfin vs. Snakeheads: Distinguishing Features. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Angler Alert: Snakeheads. Delaware DNREC, Division of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 16, Injurious Wildlife (eCFR). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Code of Federal Regulations, via eCFR). current eCFR text as retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Not Native to Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) in Georgia. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Snakehead - Collections (Georgia). USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive and Exotic Species in Maryland: Animals. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chesapeake Channa (Northern Snakehead). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured April 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Snakehead (MDC Field Guide species account). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Nuisance Species. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species - species list for North Carolina (by group). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Animals and Pests. NJDEP. archived copy, captured February 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Snakehead. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prohibited Nonnative Species List. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured September 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakeheads. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Northern watersnake: 29 sources
- Midland Water Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non Venomous Snakes. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Northern Watersnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Copperhead. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Midland Watersnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Water Moccasin/Cottonmouth (Venomous) vs Water Snakes (Non-venomous) brochure. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:52 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Watersnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- When encountering Michigan's snakes, best to leave them be. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 31, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Watersnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide: Northern Watersnake and Midland Watersnake. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) - Species Profile, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. U.S. Geological Survey. Revision Date: 10/27/2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of East Tennessee (poster). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Region IV. archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes on the Water: Cottonmouth or Watersnake?. Virginia DWR (J.D. Kleopfer, DWR Herpetologist). May 6, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name queries: Nerodia sipedon. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Nurse Shark: 7 sources
- Nurse Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nurse Shark (Discover Fishes species profile). Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). revised 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
Nutria: 15 sources
- Coypu. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria Infestation. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Not Native to Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured September 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Nutria (Species ID 050545). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated February 17, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with nutria. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria in Oregon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria (Myocastor coypus) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. updated November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nutria (Myocastor coypu) fact sheet. Washington Invasive Species Council. June 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coypu (Nutria) (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: Order Rodentia. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Problems with Nutria. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Orb weaver spiders: 14 sources
- Joro Spiders: What You Need to Know. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2022-03-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Garden Spider. Penn State Extension. updated June 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- HGIC 2503 Big Yellow Spiders in South Carolina. Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Originally published 08/21; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-and-Yellow Garden Spider (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Beneficial Arthropod Alert - Orb Weaver Spiders (Steve Pettis). N.C. Cooperative Extension, Henderson County Center. published 2024-09-19; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 06/12), Wizzie Brown and Mike Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. E-408 06/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY-167 Spiny Orb Weaver Spider, Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus) (G. B. Edwards). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY316 Orb Weavers, Neoscona crucifera and Neoscona domiciliorum (G. B. Edwards). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date March 2004 and June 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orb Weaving Spiders (Araneidae; Tetragnathidae). Utah State University Extension (Utah Pests / Plant Health). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Painted turtle: 25 sources
- Painted Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Painted Turtle (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). species booklet; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 21 CFR 1240.62 Turtles intrastate and interstate requirements. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (eCFR). current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Painted Turtle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Painted Turtle (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western painted turtle in Oregon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtle) - Species Profile, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. U.S. Geological Survey (NAS). updated November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Dynastes tityus, Dynastes grantii, Cardinalis cardinalis, Chrysemys picta, Chrysemys dorsalis, Canis rufus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Palmetto Bug: 3 sources
- American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), EENY141. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS / Featured Creatures). Original June 2000; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Woods Cockroach (AKA Palmetto Bug) Eurycotis floridana (Walker), EENY-514. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS / Featured Creatures). Original publication December 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- American Cockroach, Publication 444-288. Virginia Cooperative Extension (Virginia Tech). 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
Pickerel frog: 33 sources
- Pickerel Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Buffalo National River. National Park Service. updated December 11, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- ANURA - Frogs (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (species page). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel frog. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated February 17, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pickerel Frog (Rana [Lithobates] palustris). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and toads (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured December 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report queries: Lithobates palustris, Rana palustris. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Pine snake: 29 sources
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pine Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Pinesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 8, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 17.11 List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, pinesnake rows. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (eCFR). eCFR version for 2026-10-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Threatened Species Status for Black Pinesnake With 4(d) Rule; Final Rule (80 FR 60468). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). October 6, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Threatened Species Status for Louisiana Pinesnake; Final Rule (83 FR 14958). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). April 6, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- All Rare Reptiles and Amphibians (Georgia Biodiversity Portal). Georgia DNR Wildlife Conservation Section. data export July 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Louisiana Pinesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Pinesnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan amphibians and reptiles (E-2000). Michigan State University Extension. Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing Snake Problems Around Homes (Publication 2277). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2277 (POD-10-20 on PDF; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - contents and introduction (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Pine Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- SC State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles: Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: snakes. University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Collections (Herps of Texas). 2020-07-23 archive capture; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Threatened and Endangered Species List. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). 9/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Avoiding and Treating Rattlesnake Bites in Wisconsin, PUB-ER-083. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation. PUB-ER-083 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibian and Reptile Frequently Asked Questions #4 - Snakes, PUB-ER-670. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources (Kapfer 2011). 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
Portuguese Man o' War: 16 sources
- Jellyfish in Alabama. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-12-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Maryland Critters that Bite and Sting (eAntidote). Maryland Poison Center. June 17, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Animals of Mississippi. Mississippi Regional Poison Control Center (University of Mississippi Medical Center); hosted by the Mississippi State Department of Health. archived copy, captured February 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish and Siphonophores. National Park Service, Gulf Islands National Seashore. updated December 9, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Jellyfish. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query for the four taxa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query result 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Five Facts: Portuguese man-of-war. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. September 24, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Understanding Beach Warning Signs. Hawaii Ocean Safety (State of Hawaii). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- What is a Portuguese Man o' War?. NOAA National Ocean Service. page shows 'Last updated' with no date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Portuguese Man O' War Reported on Fire Island and Long Island South Shore Beaches. National Park Service. updated July 10, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish - Fort Matanzas National Monument. National Park Service. updated June 28, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis). South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Portuguese Man O' War Spotted On Galveston Beaches. Texas A&M University at Galveston. February 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- UH scientists scrutinize first aid for man o' war stings. University of Hawaii News. May 2, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Other Invertebrates - Padre Island National Seashore. National Park Service. updated February 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Poisonings, Envenomations, and Toxic Exposures During Travel (CDC Yellow Book). CDC. archived copy, captured October 27, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Prairie Rattlesnake: 28 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quick Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Prairie Rattlesnake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coping with Snakes. Colorado State University Extension. Published May 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Cool Things You Should Know About Snakes (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). October 28, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Administrative Code 571-77.2(481B) Endangered and threatened animals. Iowa Legislature (rule of the Iowa Natural Resource Commission / DNR). [ARC 0267D, IAB 5/13/26, effective 6/17/26]; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030165: Mojave Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030180: Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated December 22, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - El Malpais National Monument. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - White Sands National Park. National Park Service. updated September 24, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to Avoid Unwanted Snake Encounters. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. May 15, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Hognose Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bullsnake - Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. National Park Service. updated February 24, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2018 Weekly News 7-19-18 (teaser: Be Snake Savvy and Be Safe In the Outdoors). Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. archived copy, captured January 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake - Crotalus viridis (Montana Field Guide). Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library), Montana Field Guide. archived copy, captured September 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes in North Dakota (wildlife note). North Dakota Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nebraska's Venomous Snakes (NEBRASKAland Magazine). Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. July 11, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnakes in the Badlands. National Park Service (Badlands National Park). updated April 16, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Devils Tower National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Theodore Roosevelt National Park. National Park Service. updated January 6, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians - Wind Cave National Park. National Park Service. updated January 25, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- George S. Mickelson Trail: Trail Safety. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prairie Rattlesnake - Crotalus viridis (State Wildlife Action Plan species account). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (scientific name filter). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Praying mantis (mantids): 3 sources
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chinese Mantis (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-418: Praying Mantids. University of Kentucky Entomology (Cooperative Extension). Revised: 1/26; checked November 3, 2026.
Puss caterpillar (southern flannel moth): 9 sources
- EENY-545 Puss Caterpillar, Southern Flannel Moth, Megalopyge opercularis. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bug Biz: Pest Management and Insect Identification Series - Puss Moth Caterpillar. LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). January 25, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Start looking out for stinging caterpillars (AgriLife Today). Texas A&M AgriLife (AgriLife Today, quoting AgriLife Extension specialists). 2025-05-29 (published; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars: Slug Caterpillars and Flannel Moths (ENTO-347NP / ENTO-75NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension (Virginia Tech). Revised February 7, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars (HGIC 2482). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published Feb 6, 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. published with major revisions October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Flannel Moths (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name queries: Megalopyge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Pygmy rattlesnake: 21 sources
- Pigmy Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Wildlife FAQs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Snakes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Pigmy Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Pygmy Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pigmy Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Viperidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Reptile and Amphibians. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Western Pygmy Rattlesnake. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Pygmy Rattlesnake (field guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (K. J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (PDF hosted by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service). Spring 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Arkansas (FSA9102). University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. printed code FSA9102-PD-8-2021R; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Kentucky (FORFS 18-02). University of Kentucky Forestry and Natural Resources Extension. FORFS 18-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (scientific name starts with Sistrurus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Rat snake: 29 sources
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Ratsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Gray Ratsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake - North Carolina Wildlife Profiles. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Ratsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Ratsnake (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Animal Abstract: Gray Ratsnake (Pantherophis spiloides). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (Michigan State University Extension). Copyright 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Central Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis), Protecting Wisconsin's Biodiversity. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus alleghaniensis). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gray Ratsnake (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Identification: Avoid Being Confused!. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2019-04-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Copperhead. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Cottonmouth (Florida Snake ID Guide). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated September 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide: Red Cornsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Milksnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DNR urges public to give eastern massasauga rattlesnake its space. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. August 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Racer (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Red wolf: 7 sources
- Red Wolf (Canis rufus) species profile. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf Recovery Program. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured October 22, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Top Ten Most Frequently Asked Questions about Red Wolves and the Red Wolf Recovery Program. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. archived copy, captured August 9, 2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Red wolf (Canis rufus) ESA listing status. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, ECOS. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf (species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red Wolf. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Dynastes tityus, Dynastes grantii, Cardinalis cardinalis, Chrysemys picta, Chrysemys dorsalis, Canis rufus). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Red-bellied snake: 31 sources
- Northern Red-bellied Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Redbelly Snake (fact sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. Content last updated on March 8, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Red Bellied Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Red-bellied Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured February 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Snakes (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - contents and introduction (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-bellied Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- New York snakes leaflet (lesser-seen species). NYSDEC, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Pub 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Redbellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles & Amphibians: Species Information. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). March 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about eastern wormsnakes. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles: Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: snakes. University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Collections (Herps of Texas). 2020-07-23 archive capture; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Red-eared Slider: 17 sources
- Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared Slider) Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 7/17/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-Eared Slider (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-eared Slider (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- California's Invaders: Red-Eared Slider. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Invasive Species Program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 21 CFR 1240.62 Turtles intrastate and interstate requirements. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (eCFR). current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tennessee Watchable Wildlife: Turtles. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pond Slider. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species Control Plan: Pond Slider. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Updated July 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia native and naturalized species list. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 Reptiles SGCN and Priority Species List. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State (Tenth revision). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- SC State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species export: Testudines. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p16). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Red-tailed hawk: 13 sources
- Red-Tailed Hawk (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. Reviewed On 2026-04-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-Tailed Hawk. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-Tailed Hawk - Grand Canyon National Park. National Park Service. updated May 18, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 10.13 - List of Migratory Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulation (eCFR, Office of the Federal Register). Title 50 up to date as of 10/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-tailed Hawk. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Birds. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 11/2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species search export: Aves. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State (Tenth revision). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Red-tailed Hawk (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account, Tennessee's Birds). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Checklist of Texas Birds, Eighth Edition. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Ribbon snake: 28 sources
- Eastern Ribbon Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quick Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Eastern Ribbonsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Snakes! (species gallery by family). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbonsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Ribbonsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Eastern Ribbonsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Ribbonsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbon Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Orange-striped Ribbonsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Ringneck snake: 26 sources
- Non Venomous Snakes. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringneck Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Ring-Necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Ring-Necked Snake. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide: Ring-necked Snake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-Necked Snake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Ring-necked Snake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2000). Michigan State University Extension (MSU Library archive). Revised 1999; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ring-necked Snake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern ring-necked snake (Fact File). Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated August 18, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dekay's Brownsnake (Florida Snake ID Guide). Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Rough green snake: 28 sources
- Rough Green Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Descriptions of Common Reptiles in the park - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated October 6, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Rough Greensnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snakes of Indiana State Parks (brochure). Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Parks (Interpretive Services). brochure dated 9/2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Rough Greensnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured March 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Snakes (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - contents and introduction (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Green Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species export: Serpentes. New Mexico Department of Wildlife. database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Pub 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2/18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Greensnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snakes in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles: Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: snakes. University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Collections (Herps of Texas). 2020-07-23 archive capture; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Alive! FAQ (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Rubber Boa: 15 sources
- Northern rubber boa (Charina bottae) species page. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rubber boa in Oregon. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (MyODFW). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Rubber Boa - Montana Field Guide. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Wayback capture 2025-12-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Charina bottae (Northern Rubber Boa) - Idaho Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Wayback capture 2026-01-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Northern Rubber Boa - Charina bottae (species account). Wyoming Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) - Utah Conservation Data Center species page. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Wayback capture 2021-06-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rubber Boa - Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service. updated April 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Mount Rainier National Park. National Park Service. updated March 7, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Lassen Volcanic National Park. National Park Service. updated February 10, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Yosemite National Park. National Park Service. updated February 4, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Timpanogos Cave National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 23, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- State and Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CNDDB). October 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Charina). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Rubber Boa. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Saddleback caterpillar (saddleback caterpillar moth): 9 sources
- EENY-522 Saddleback Caterpillar Acharia stimulea (Clemens) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS), Entomology and Nematology Department. Original March 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests (Koehler & Diclaro). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date January 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- Saddleback Caterpillar. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 27, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2 nuisance caterpillars are out in greater numbers this year. LSU AgCenter (news release; Tim Schowalter, LSU AgCenter entomologist). June 1, 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging and Biting Pests (Circular 782). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Stinging Caterpillars: Slug Caterpillars and Flannel Moths (ENTO-347NP / ENTO-75NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension (Virginia Tech). Revised February 7, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Slug Caterpillar Moths. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Start looking out for stinging caterpillars (AgriLife Today). Texas A&M AgriLife (AgriLife Today, quoting AgriLife Extension specialists). 2025-05-29 (published; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Sand Tiger Shark: 23 sources
- Sand Tiger. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Limits. Georgia DNR Coastal Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks | Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Saltwater Finfish. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Proclamation FF-3-2026: Shark - Commercial and Recreational. N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries. effective January 1, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey Shark Regulations (Marine Digest). New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Shark Fishing. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured September 16, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division. 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sand Tiger Shark - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). Revised 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Identification and Federal Regulations (placard). NOAA Fisheries. April 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Atlantic Shark Fishery Statuses, Minimum Sizes, and Bag Limits. NOAA Fisheries. updated August 4, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- A timeline of Atlantic Shark Fisheries Management Highlights. NOAA Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sand Tiger: climate vulnerability species narrative. NOAA Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Status Assessment: Sand tiger shark (SWAP 2025). New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. updated January 12, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of Virginia. Virginia Institute of Marine Science. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Prohibited shark species. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Outdoor Annual 2026-27; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark bag and length limits. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Valid Sep. 1, 2026 through Aug. 31, 2027; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia native and naturalized species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. May 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark ID. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Saltwater Recreational Size and Creel Limits. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Scarlet kingsnake: 29 sources
- Nongame Reptiles Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Scarlet Kingsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Eastern Coral Snake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of Georgia (brochure). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section. PDF Last-Modified 2024-02-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Scarlet Kingsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Coral Snake (Venomous Snakes of Mississippi). Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes Alive! How to Identify Hazardous Snakes (Publication 3529). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 3529; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Elapidae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Coral Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis elapsoides). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kentucky Snakes (booklet, compiled by Bill Moore and Tim Slone). Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. archived copy, captured June 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Great Smoky Mountains National Park. U.S. National Park Service. updated October 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides) species information. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (now Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources). archived copy, captured October 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recognizing Florida's Venomous Snakes (UW229). UF/IFAS Extension (Ask IFAS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Status Faunal Species in Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). 9/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (scientific name filter). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Sea Nettle Jellyfish: 16 sources
- Jellyfish (Chesapeake Bay Field Guide). Chesapeake Bay Program (EPA-led federal-state partnership). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish Stings. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Chesapeake Bay Jellyfish. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jellyfish Species Discovered Hiding in Plain Sight. NOAA Fisheries. October 13, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- June 2026 Critter of the Month: Atlantic Bay Nettle. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. June 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invertebrates (Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary). NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2020 Get Into Your Sanctuary Photo Contest results. NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. 2020 photo contest results page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Final Biological Report: Final Rule to Revise the Critical Habitat Designation for Leatherback Sea Turtles. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. January 2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Nettles Forecast. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Nettle Management (Barnegat Bay). NJDEP. updated February 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sea Science: Jellyfish. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish in Alabama. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2018-12-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Understanding Jellyfish. UGA Cooperative Extension, Camden County (Jessica Warren, ANR Agent). published 2023-08-22, modified 2025-09-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Dolphins, Horseshoe Crabs and Piping Plovers, Oh My! (Outdoor Delaware). Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2024-06-10, modified 2025-07-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Other Invertebrates - Padre Island National Seashore. National Park Service. updated February 18, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jellyfish (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Shortfin Mako Shark: 16 sources
- Marine Species Information Portal - species list. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Marine Region). live data; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Identification Guide. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii Sharks: Species List. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Recreational Saltwater Finfish. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. archived copy, captured August 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Conservation: Status & Definitions / Conservation Status of New York Shark Species. NYSDEC. updated March 21, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shortfin Mako (Discover Fishes species profile). Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shortfin Mako Shark (species page). NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 11/10/2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Atlantic Shortfin Mako Shark. NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 06/20/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific Shortfin Mako Shark. NOAA Fisheries. updated by NOAA Fisheries on 06/29/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zero Atlantic Shortfin Mako Shark Retention Limit. NOAA Fisheries. June 30, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Sidewinder Rattlesnake: 11 sources
- Online Field Guide species account: Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Rattlesnakes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2014-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 030161: Sidewinder Rattlesnake. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated August 9, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query for the four taxa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query result 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sidewinder. Nevada Department of Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sidewinder - Death Valley National Park. National Park Service. updated January 17, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - Joshua Tree National Park. National Park Service. updated September 20, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Slithering Towards Hope: Sidewinder Inventory Reveals Snake Status in Saguaro National Park. National Park Service. August 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species tables for Utah's reptiles and amphibians. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 22, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with wildlife: Snakes. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Snapping Turtle: 20 sources
- Common Snapping Turtle. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Snapping Turtle. Connecticut DEEP. Content last updated on November 2, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- North American Snapping Turtle. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) - Species Profile. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. updated November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snapping Turtle (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account, Reptiles » Turtles). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtle Registration (possession limits for native turtles, SC Code Section 50-15-70). South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions - Private Fishing Ponds: I caught a snapping turtle. What should I do with it?. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Softshell Turtle: 32 sources
- Eastern Spiny Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast Smooth Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Midland Smooth Softshell. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell (Apalone ferox). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Turtles (MDC publication E00468). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "1/2023 E00468"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spiny Softshell (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Testudines". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Softshell (Apalone ferox). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell (Apalone spinifera). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (p32 taxa). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Know Your Illinois Turtles (OutdoorIllinois, May 2009). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. May 2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Smooth Softshell Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Softshell Turtle (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Turtles (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Turtles of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. archived copy, captured April 23, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Apalone ferox fact sheet. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 10/28/2009; checked November 3, 2026.
- Apalone spinifera fact sheet. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 6/12/2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Apalone spinifera spinifera fact sheet. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Revision Date 10/22/2019; checked November 3, 2026.
Sonoran Desert toad: 9 sources
- Pets & Poison. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Desert Toad (Incilius alvarius). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Animals List, California Natural Diversity Database. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. October 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 020095: Sonoran Desert Toad. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). updated July 7, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export, scientific-name queries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Fish (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated October 4, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians (Saguaro National Park). National Park Service. updated May 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians (Tonto National Monument). National Park Service. updated December 26, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
Southern toad: 15 sources
- Southern Toad. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] terrestris). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Toad (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Toad (Species profile). Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated January 22, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads of South Carolina and Georgia. University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- WEC387 The Cane or "Bufo" Toad (Rhinella marina) in Florida. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original July 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Cane Toad (species profile). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fowler’s Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] fowleri). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oak Toad (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Spadefoot toad: 57 sources
- Eastern Spadefoot. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Plains Spadefoot (Spea bombifrons). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Couch’S Spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Mexican Spadefoot (Spea multiplicata). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Animals List, California Natural Diversity Database (October 2026). California Department of Fish and Wildlife. list dated October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Couch's Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plains Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Amphibian. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (Wildlife Fact Sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated March 5, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- WEC387 The Cane or "Bufo" Toad (Rhinella marina) in Florida. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original July 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Pocket Guide to Kansas Amphibians, Turtles and Lizards (Taggart & Riedle). Great Plains Nature Center (cooperative project of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and City of Wichita); published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center. First Edition; checked November 3, 2026.
- ANURA - Frogs (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured January 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Frogs and toads (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Spadefoot Toad (Amphibians, Turtles & Reptiles of Nebraska). University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources / School of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey's Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species. NJDEP Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. archived copy, captured August 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated February 17, 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species booklets 020075, 020085, 020080, 020076. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated September 24, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Couch's Spadefoot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Spadefoot (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Oregon's Frogs and Toads (Oregon Conservation Strategy flyer). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Threatened Status With Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern and Southern Distinct Population Segments of the Western Spadefoot (proposed rule, 88 FR 84252). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). published 2023-12-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS Species Report export: Spea* and Scaphiopus* ESA listing status. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live ECOS export retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species tables for Utah's reptiles and amphibians. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 22, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Washington State Herp Atlas: Checklist of Washington Amphibians and Reptiles (pp. 13-14). Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, BLM and U.S. Forest Service. Published 2009, revised 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Spadefoot. Nevada Department of Wildlife. page modified 2022-01-26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Update and Revision of Delaware's SGCN List. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). published 2025-07-16, modified 2025-12-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Mexico Spadefoot. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plains Spadefoot account, Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas. Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Spectacled caiman: 5 sources
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: scientific name like 'Caiman%'. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonnatives - Spectacled Caiman. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured November 27, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Caiman crocodilus (Common Caiman) - Species Profile. U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. Revision Date 6/22/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- NAS occurrence records, Caiman crocodilus, all states (API). U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Spiny orb weaver (spinybacked orbweaver): 10 sources
- EENY-167 Spiny Orb Weaver Spider, Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus) (G. B. Edwards). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spinybacked Orbweaver, Vol. 4, No. 31 (Bug's Eye View), Blake Layton. Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiny Orb Weaver: A Common Spider in Landscapes (Beth Bolles). UF/IFAS Extension Escambia County. Posted August 18, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. archived copy, captured October 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 06/12), Wizzie Brown and Mike Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. E-408 06/12; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Good Guys & Bad Guys card 70: Asian Spinybacked Spider (Gasteracantha mammosa). Bishop Museum (Hawaii Biological Survey). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spined Micrathena. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name query for Gasteracantha. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Spongy moth: 20 sources
- Spongy moth. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth (Forest Health Fact Sheet, PUB-FR-824). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Forest Health Program. May 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Defoliator Caterpillars: Comparisons, Differences, Controls (PUB-FR-622p). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Forest Health Program. July 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Spongy Moth. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth (formally gypsy moth). Vermont Invasives (Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and UVM Extension). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Spongy Moth. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth (new name for an old pest), Home and Garden IPM. University of Maine Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth [fact sheet]. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. page HTML dates 2018-04-23 and 2022-08-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Animals and Pests. NJDEP. archived copy, captured February 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive and Exotic Species in Maryland: Animals. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Non-Native Invasive Species. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-13; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP). Content last updated June 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Terrestrial Invasive Species - Invertebrates. Indiana Department of Natural Resources. dateModified 2026-04-21; checked November 3, 2026.
- How do I report an invasive terrestrial animal?. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 7 CFR 301.45-3 Generally infested areas (point-in-time version 2022-12-29). eCFR (Office of the Federal Register); USDA APHIS regulation. eCFR version 2022-12-29; checked November 3, 2026.
- 7 CFR 301.45-2 Authorization to designate, and terminate designation of, generally infested areas. eCFR (Office of the Federal Register); USDA APHIS regulation. eCFR current as of 2026-10-01; checked November 3, 2026.
- Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Spongy Moth Identification Worksheet and Checklist (FR Doc. 2026-07891). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, in the Federal Register. April 23, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Domestic Quarantine: Quarantined Areas and Regulated Articles (FR Doc. 2026-18616). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, in the Federal Register. September 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spongy Moth. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. page last modified 2026-09-17; checked November 3, 2026.
Spotted lanternfly: 6 sources
- Spotted Lanternfly. Georgia Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured August 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Alert. Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly Frequently Asked Questions. Penn State Extension. updated June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Lanternfly. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). archived copy, captured October 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Have You Spotted a Spotted Lanternfly? (lookalikes guide, APHIS-22-034). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). archived copy, captured July 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Spotted salamander: 19 sources
- Amphibians - Hot Springs National Park. National Park Service. updated August 5, 2021; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (Herps of SC/GA). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Illinois Species (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois species list). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minnesota Rules 6134.0200 Animal Species (endangered, threatened, special concern). Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes (Minnesota DNR rule). Published Electronically: October 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Salamander (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Salamander (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Title 40 Part 5 Rule 2.3: Regulations regarding non-game wildlife in need of management. archived copy, captured May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). March 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spotted Salamander (VDWR Species Profile). Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated June 25, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
Spring Peeper: 24 sources
- Northern Spring Peeper. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians - Buffalo National River. National Park Service. updated December 11, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Froggin' by Ear notes (Linda May, Urban Wildlife Outreach Coordinator, Georgia DNR). Georgia DNR (hosted by Georgia Adopt-A-Stream, Georgia EPD). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Frogs and Toads! (gallery by family and species). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs presentation (Kellogg Environmental Center). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report: Pseudacris crucifer (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ECOS. live ECOS database query, retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. updated January 22, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spring Peeper. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians » Frogs and Toads (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Frogs of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-06-16 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Stingray: 12 sources
- Atlantic Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured January 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Southern Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured March 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Stingray (FWRI ray species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured March 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ray Species (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured May 12, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Round Stingray - Discover Fishes species profile. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). February 12, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bat Ray - Discover Fishes species profile. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). February 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Marine Species Information Portal - species list. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Marine Region). live data; checked November 3, 2026.
- Safety - Padre Island National Seashore. National Park Service. updated March 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Know Before You Go: The Beach Flag Warning System. Alabama Department of Public Health. July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need status assessments: Sharks, Skates, and Rays. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. file hpsgcnsharskat.pdf, 2015 SWAP cycle; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pacific Electric Ray - Discover Fishes species profile. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). 06/03/2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Striped Bark Scorpion: 23 sources
- Scorpion Management in Residential Homes. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-06-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped bark scorpion (Arkansas Arthropods). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology). WordPress modified 2017-07-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (insect information fact sheet). Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology (Extension entomology). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions not as dangerous as they look. UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES Field Report/newswire). July 17, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Spooky Bug Brigade: Scorpions. UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. Posted October 17, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Endangered and Threatened Animals and Plants of Illinois (effective October 31, 2025). Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board / IDNR. Effective October 31, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Bark Scorpion (Biodiversity of Illinois). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). archived copy, captured March 3, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Household Pests of Kansas, MF3291 (Davis & Whitworth). K-State Research and Extension (Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service). July 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Control Household Insect Pests (Publication 2443). Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2443; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions in North Carolina. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Oct. 1, 1984; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Scorpiones". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (OSU School IPM common pests sheet). Oklahoma State University Extension, School IPM program. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions of Colorado. Colorado State University Extension (Western Colorado Insects). file path 2017/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Striped Bark Scorpion. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (G7364). University of Missouri Extension. archived copy, captured July 9, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (Digital Diagnostics). Oklahoma State University Extension. archived copy, captured November 11, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- IPM Action Plan for Bark Scorpions. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service (School IPM). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpion (Arthropod Museum). University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Leave It Be: Maintaining Leaf Litter in the Landscape. LSU AgCenter. article published 2024-09-27; checked November 3, 2026.
- Scorpions (ENTO-PU-032 05/22), Wizzie Brown. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 05/22 (publication code ENTO-PU-032 05/22; checked November 3, 2026.
Tarantula hawks (tarantula hawk wasps): 12 sources
- Tarantula Hawk (Grand Canyon National Park). National Park Service. updated 2020-09-22; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantula Hawk Wasp (Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument). National Park Service. updated 2019-12-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invertebrates (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated 2024-11-17; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects (El Morro National Monument). National Park Service. updated 2025-05-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantula Hawks of Colorado. Colorado State University Extension. published 2025-10-17, modified 2025-12-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Large Wasps in New Mexico or the Asian Giant Hornet (Guide H-175). New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service. July 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantula Hawk Wasp or Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis formosa) – state insect. New Mexico Office of the Secretary of State. archived copy, captured February 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Meet the Wasps That Hunt Tarantulas. Texas Parks & Wildlife magazine (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department). July 2015 issue; checked November 3, 2026.
- What Is That Huge Thing on the Milkweed? (aka Tarantula Hawk Wasp). University of California Cooperative Extension (Master Gardener column). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 3/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tarantulas (Backyard Gardener #90). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. March 26, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Tarantulas: 10 sources
- Bees, Spiders & Other Bugs. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- LDWF species profile: Texas Brown Tarantula. archived copy, captured August 22, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Texas Brown Tarantula (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Tarantula (Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Backyard Gardener #90: Tarantulas. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County. dated March 26, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mexican Redrump Tarantula, Brachypelma vagans (EENY287). UF/IFAS Extension (authors: Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry). original May 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M species booklet: Tarantula, Aphonopelma hentzi (SpeciesID 300160). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated January 31, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Texas coral snake: 12 sources
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn how to identify Arkansas's venomous snakes. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). published 2021-03-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Encountering Native Snakes in Arkansas. University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of Louisiana (17x22 poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Eastern Milksnake (coralsnake statement). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export, scientific-name queries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Venomous Snakes of Texas Health Service Region 6/5S. Hosted by Texas A&M AgriLife Extension (Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management); authors at Texas A&M University Health Science Center and City of Pearland Animal Control. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake (Venom: Animal Bites, Venomous Bites). Texas Department of State Health Services. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hunter Education Online Course: Snakes. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Tiger Shark: 19 sources
- Common Shark Species Occurring in Alabama's Coastal Waters Identification and Information Guide. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tiger Shark. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reducing the odds of a shark encounter (FWRI). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured July 31, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks (saltwater recreational regulations). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tiger Shark (FWRI shark species). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured June 9, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 635 Appendix A — Species Tables (Oceanic Sharks). eCFR / NOAA Fisheries. current eCFR text retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Fishes and Sharks. NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Fact Sheet. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Shark Identification Guide. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hawaii Sharks: Species List. Hawaii DLNR Division of Aquatic Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New Jersey Shark Regulations (2026 Marine Digest). New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife (official digest hosted by eRegulations). updated May 11, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- State Record Marine Sport Fish (2026 Marine Digest). New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife (official digest hosted by eRegulations). updated October 5, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of South Carolina. SCDNR Marine Resources Division (C. H. Farmer III). 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated January 25, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tiger Shark - Discover Fishes. Florida Museum of Natural History. updated February 3, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Meet the sharks of Virginia: Surveying the apex predators of the sea. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (William & Mary). July 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Sharks of Virginia. Virginia Institute of Marine Science (William & Mary). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Timber Rattlesnake: 25 sources
- Timber Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Timber Rattlesnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated September 23, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes Fact Sheet Series: Timber Rattlesnake. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. PDF Last-Modified Fri, 02 Feb 2024 14:12:53 GMT; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Timber Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake. NYSDEC. archived copy, captured October 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Preserving the Timber Rattlesnake (Publication 115). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. "Publication 115"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake Conservation. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes of South Carolina (poster). SCDNR and South Carolina Wildlife Magazine. SCDNR 03CE4028 3/03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Crotalus horridus, Lampropeltis triangulum, Python bivittatus, Phrynosoma spp.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DNR, Marshall students study how relocation affects rattlesnakes. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. published 2020-06-16; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Pygmy Rattlesnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Tomato Hornworm: 11 sources
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tomato and Tobacco Hornworm (fact sheet). Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- EENY700/IN1206: Tomato Hornworm Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth). UF/IFAS Extension (Featured Creatures). page copyright 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornworms: Got Pests?. Maine DACF Board of Pesticides Control. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tomato hornworms in home gardens. University of Minnesota Extension. archived copy, captured May 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- The tomato hornworm and the tobacco hornworm. Michigan State University Extension. archived copy, captured November 16, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornworms in Tomatoes. N.C. Cooperative Extension, Pamlico County Center. June 27, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornworms in the Home Garden (FS1389). Rutgers Cooperative Extension. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Tomato Hornworm - Field Guide to Common Texas Insects. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. archived copy, captured June 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornworms / Tomato / Agriculture: Pest Management Guidelines. University of California Statewide IPM Program. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Hornworms (XHT1107). University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension. Last Revised 05/01/2020; checked November 3, 2026.
Trapdoor spiders: 12 sources
- Hawai'i State Wildlife Action Plan 2025 (as submitted to the Regional Review Team October 1, 2025). Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. October 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Commonly Encountered Pennsylvania Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated December 7, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trapdoor Spider, Bug's Eye View Vol. 7, No. 28 (Blake Layton). Mississippi State University Extension Service. 2021 (Bug's Eye View Vol. 7, No. 28; checked November 3, 2026.
- Local Spiders Confused for Deadly Relatives - Plant Disease and Insect Clinic. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension). June 22, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Our Own Celebrity Spider - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. November 23, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- Trapdoor Spider. University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum (state university natural-history collection). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Status Faunal Species in Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). 9/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name queries: Ummidia, Antrodiaetus, Aptostichus, Myrmekiaphila, Bothriocyrtum, Eucteniza, Nihoa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Turkey vulture: 16 sources
- Turkey Vulture. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List. Arizona Game and Fish Department. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2016-05; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Aves export. New Mexico Department of Wildlife. updated January 26, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State. NYSDEC. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR 10.13 List of Migratory Birds. eCFR / US Fish and Wildlife Service. Title 50 up to date as of 10/30/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Scavenger Life of Turkey Vultures. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. National Park Service, Bighorn Canyon NRA. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. National Park Service, Big Thicket NP. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture: Species Profile. National Park Service, Everglades NP. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture. National Park Service, Grand Canyon-Parashant NM. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turkey Vulture (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Texas Birds. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia native and naturalized species. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. see archive header; checked November 3, 2026.
Velvet Ant: 5 sources
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Eric R. Eaton). PUBLICATION 5488; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (HGIC 2485). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Revised: Jul 18, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Velvet Ants (ENT-3004). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas Cooperative Extension (now Texas A&M AgriLife Extension). 8-04 (publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Vinegaroon (giant whip scorpion): 6 sources
- Bites and Stings. New Mexico Poison & Drug Information Center (UNM Health Sciences; New Mexico's poison-control program). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects, Spiders, Centipedes, Millipedes - Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. National Park Service. updated April 24, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Vinegaroon - Field Guide to Common Texas Insects. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service (Department of Entomology). archived copy, captured July 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (EENY493/IN890). UF/IFAS Extension, Department of Entomology and Nematology (University of Florida). EENY493: original publication May 2011, reviewed May 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Windscorpion (Pest Notes, Home and Landscape). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC Agriculture and Natural Resources). updated 05/2010; checked November 3, 2026.
- Identify Your House Spiders! (UW Extension SpiderWeb identifying page). University of Wyoming Extension. archived copy, captured August 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
Virginia opossum: 16 sources
- Opossum. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Opossum (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Opossum. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5344). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5344; checked November 3, 2026.
- HDMS Web Species List (all_species_list.csv). Arizona Game and Fish Department - Heritage Data Management System. October 28, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Mammals (FWC; archived copy, incomplete). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Mammals of Louisiana (poster). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Mammalia". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Virginia Opossum (MyODFW species page). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Current List of Wild Mammals in Pennsylvania (66). Pennsylvania Game Commission. archived copy, captured September 1, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mammals » Bats, Large, Medium, Small (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Mammals of Texas, Online Edition: species account Didelphis virginiana. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Feb 26, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet 050550: Virginia Opossum. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated May 28, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake: 18 sources
- Nongame Wildlife FAQs. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Rattlesnakes. Arizona Game and Fish Department. archived copy, captured June 9, 2016; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Rattlesnakes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2014-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Serpentes". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated August 20, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles - El Malpais National Monument. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Section 8 Appendices (Appendix 2.1, List of Species of Greatest Conservation Need by Priority Score). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. file path 2023/04; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Big Bend National Park. National Park Service. updated April 12, 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Carlsbad Caverns National Park. National Park Service. 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes - Grand Canyon National Park. National Park Service. updated February 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes - Saguaro National Park. National Park Service. updated May 6, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (field guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Venomous Snakes of Texas Health Service Region 6/5S. Hosted by Texas A&M AgriLife Extension (Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management); authors at Texas A&M University Health Science Center and City of Pearland Animal Control. file path 2013/10; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snake Safety (Texas Junior Naturalists). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Western Fence Lizard: 8 sources
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Healthy Pets, Healthy People). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. archived copy, captured October 10, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. updated July 28, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians - John Muir National Historic Site. National Park Service. updated August 12, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Fence Lizard - Presidio of San Francisco. National Park Service. updated February 28, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western fence lizard in Oregon (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis). Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query: Sceloporus occidentalis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Western Rattlesnake: 19 sources
- Western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Crotalus oreganus (Western Rattlesnake), Idaho Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured July 29, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Rattlesnake (Oregon State Wildlife Action Plan). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 20, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Rattlesnake. Nevada Department of Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Great Basin Rattlesnake (Bryce Canyon National Park). National Park Service. updated May 29, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes (Great Basin National Park). National Park Service. updated May 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnake. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Rattlesnakes - Yosemite National Park. U.S. National Park Service. June 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Rattlesnakes. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2014-12; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Western Rattlesnake). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with Wildlife: Snakes. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Living with wildlife: Snakes. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- How to avoid conflicts with rattlesnakes in Utah this spring and summer (news release). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Published March 17, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species tables for Utah's reptiles and amphibians. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 22, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- We Brake for Snakes! - Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service. updated June 18, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Snakes (NIOSH Outdoor Workers). CDC / NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
Wheel bug: 12 sources
- Wheel Bug, Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus) (EENY086/IN243, Featured Creatures). University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS / Ask IFAS). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wheel Bug (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY-215 Stinging or Venomous Insects and Related Pests. UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original Jan 1996; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTFACT-705: The Wheel Bug. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension (Entomology). Issued 7/96; checked November 3, 2026.
- They're Wheel Bugs, NOT Kissing Bugs (BYGL). Ohio State University Extension. published 2020-09-17; checked November 3, 2026.
- Look Closely: Kissing Bug Look-Alikes (BYGL). Ohio State University Extension. published 2025-09-18; checked November 3, 2026.
- Big Wheel Bugs are Rolling Along (BYGL). Ohio State University Extension. published 2016-09-02; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wheel bugs and other assassin bugs (Insects in the City, ENT-1003). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. published 2010-06-08; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn About Texas Insects. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. PWD BK P4000-043 3/99; checked November 3, 2026.
- How Chagas Disease Spreads. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Kissing bugs have been in Georgia for thousands of years and pose little risk. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (UGA Extension). published 2015-12-15; checked November 3, 2026.
- Assassin Bugs (HGIC 2472). Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center. Updated Sep 6, 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
Whiptail Lizard: 51 sources
- Eastern Six-lined Racerunner. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Table 1. Species Expected and Abundance by Taxonomy (Buffalo National River spreadsheet; text strings extracted). National Park Service. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Gila Monster. Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (University of Arizona College of Pharmacy). 2026 (footer copyright; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis sonorae). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Tiger Whiptail (Aspidoscelis tigris). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Online Field Guide species account: Red-Backed Whiptail (Aspidoscelis xanthonota). Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Arizona field guide: Lizards (species list page). Arizona Game and Fish Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Complete List of Amphibian, Reptile, Bird and Mammal Species in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CWHR Program). 2016-05 (document dated "May, 2016"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Special Animals List, California Natural Diversity Database (October 2026). California Department of Fish and Wildlife. list dated October 21, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Quick Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. archived copy, captured October 11, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Common Checkered Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Plateau Striped Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species profile: Tiger Whiptail. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Profile List, filtered to Type = Reptile. Colorado Parks and Wildlife. species-profiles page modified 2026-04-09; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Florida's Amphibians and Reptiles (Revised 2023). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Revised 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Report Nonnative Species. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). archived copy, captured October 25, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Laws Related to Native Wildlife. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Injurious Wildlife. Hawaii DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Lizards! (family and species gallery). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- KHA species account: Six-lined Racerunner. Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. updated August 3, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- SQUAMATA (PART-OTHER LIZARDS) - Other Lizards (KHA species accounts list). Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas (Travis W. Taggart), Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University. page footer 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards and salamanders (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured June 15, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species Abstract for Aspidoscelis sexlineatus (Six-lined racerunner). Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MSU Extension). Boyer and Lee 2026, Species Abstract; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes and Lizards of Minnesota (EWR_448_18). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program. ©2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Lizards (MDC publication E00213). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "4/2023 E00213"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Mississippi Amphibians and Reptiles (Mississippi Herpetology Checklist), Revised 2012. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science (MDWFP). archived copy, captured April 5, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-7 REPTILES SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. archived copy, captured October 1, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Squamata". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Oklahoma Amphibians and Reptiles. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) Herpetology, hosted by the Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. PDF created 2014-09-09, modified 2016-06-06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Plateau striped whiptail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western whiptail (ODFW Wildlife Viewing). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Six-lined Racerunner (Cnemidophorus [Aspidoscelis] sexlineatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument). National Park Service. updated September 2, 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Lizards (Saguaro National Park). National Park Service. updated May 5, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nonnatives - Giant Whiptail. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured April 11, 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Whiptails and Wall Lizards. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. archived copy, captured July 15, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Commission Regulation 24-15: 2025 & 2026 Seasons & Limits for Noncommercial Collection of Live, Unprotected Reptiles & Amphibians. Nevada Board of Wildlife Commissioners / Nevada Department of Wildlife. Commission Regulation 24-15, 2025 & 2026 seasons; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Lizards (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Lizards of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-04-28 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- Species tables for Utah's reptiles and amphibians. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). page "Last updated: April 22, 2026"; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibian and Reptile Frequently Asked Questions #6 - Lizards, PUB-ER-672. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Endangered Resources (Kapfer 2011). 2011; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians & Reptiles. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). WordPress modified 2026-04-20; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report queries (genus-wide). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aspidoscelis tigris (Tiger Whiptail) | Idaho Fish and Game Species Catalog. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. archived copy, captured June 20, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Wolf spiders: 13 sources
- Wolf Spiders. Penn State Extension. updated September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wolf Spiders (HGIC 2450). Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center. Published May 2, 2001 (HGIC 2450; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders of Medical Concern in Virginia (ENTO-73NP / ENTO-346NP). Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (T.A. Dellinger, E. Day). Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7468). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2018-11; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Recluse Spider (Entfact 631). University of Kentucky Department of Entomology (Cooperative Extension). page 'Revised: 3/26'; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in and Around Homes. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 1, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
Wood frog: 19 sources
- Wood Frog (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Toads and Frogs (MDC publication E00430). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "3/2022 E00430"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog Rana sylvatica (species account, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, hosted by ADF&G). Alaska Department of Fish and Game (account authored by Alaska Natural Heritage Program, T.A. Gotthardt). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Frogs and Toads (Wildlife Notebook Series). Alaska Department of Fish and Game. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles & Amphibians: Species Information. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Species Information: Reptiles & Amphibians). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). March 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Nongame Amphibians Protected by Alabama Regulations. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sylvatica). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) Herpetology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Rana [Lithobates] sylvatica). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Frog (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species account). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 SWAP Appendix 3 Table 3-1 AMPHIBIANS SGCN and Priority Species List (2025 WAP Revision Taxa Team Evaluations). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. 2025 NC SWAP; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Amphibians of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5348). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5348; checked November 3, 2026.
- Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference (MSU Extension Bulletin E-2350). Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service / MSU Museum. FIRST EDITION 1992; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report export (JSON), scientific-name query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
Wood Turtle: 19 sources
- Iowa Wildlife Action Plan (2025 revision) - All Appendices (Appendix 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 5-6 birds, 7 mammals, 11 bumble bees, 16 T&E). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). Plan submitted to USFWS December 31, 2025 and approved; checked November 3, 2026.
- 6 Things You Might not Know About Iowa's Turtles (news release). Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR). September 8, 2015; checked November 3, 2026.
- Massachusetts Endangered Species: Summary of the MESA list (As listed in 321 CMR 10.90, August 16, 2024). Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. archived copy, captured November 28, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- The Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland (Maryland Herp Checklist). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured May 14, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood Turtle (DNR field guide species page). Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). archived copy, captured June 7, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles (Michigan DNR species page). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured April 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Showcasing the DNR: Give them a brake. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. May 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Minnesota Rules 6134.0200 Animal Species (endangered, threatened, special concern). Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes (rules of the Minnesota DNR). Published Electronically: October 8, 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of New Jersey (checklist). NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife. updated December 10, 2004; checked November 3, 2026.
- Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey: Turtles. NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife, ENSP. 1st edition, February 2001; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Turtles (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- USFWS ECOS species report: Scientific Name like 'Glyptemys%' (ESA listing status). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (ECOS). database queried November 3, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wood turtle. MassWildlife (Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife). archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles & Amphibians: Species Information. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department (Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory). March 13, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Woolly bear caterpillar (banded woollybear): 6 sources
- Do Woollybears Predict the Winter Weather?. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach (Yard and Garden). November 11, 1994; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bug Biz: Pest Management and Insect Identification Series - Puss Moth Caterpillar. LSU AgCenter (Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service). January 25, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Isabella Tiger Moth (Woolly Bear; Woolly Worm) - Field Guide. Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wintery Weather Folklore (Missouri Environment and Garden). University of Missouri Integrated Pest Management. Published: November 11, 2014; checked November 3, 2026.
- Banded Woollybear / Isabella Moth. NC State Extension (North Carolina State University). Publication date Jan. 30, 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Woolly Bear Caterpillar: A Winter Weather Predictor or Not?. NOAA National Weather Service, La Crosse WI forecast office. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
Worm Snake (wormsnakes): 36 sources
- Worm Snake. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Outdoor Alabama). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Arkansas Wildlife Action Plan, Chapter 2: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Arkansas Snake Guide (pocket guide; Kelly J. Irwin, AGFC herpetologist). Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Florida Snake ID Guide species account: Dekays Brownsnake. Florida Museum of Natural History (University of Florida). updated March 18, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Information & Resources (Snakes of Georgia). Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Wild About Illinois Snakes! (species gallery by family). Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Wormsnake (Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois). Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Indiana List. Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife. page states "Revised September 2021"; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Common Wormsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snake Species Field Guide: Western Wormsnake. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- A Guide to Missouri's Snakes (MDC publication E00448). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Copyright 2017; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes: Family Colubridae (AG-472-02). NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Aug. 21, 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Brown Snake (NCWRC species page). N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- New York snakes leaflet (lesser-seen species). NYSDEC, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2006; checked November 3, 2026.
- Checklist of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals of New York State, Including Their Legal Status (Tenth revision, February 2019). NYSDEC Division of Fish and Wildlife. February 2019; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5354). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5354; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Wormsnake (ODWC Field Guide). Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pennsylvania Native Reptile and Amphibian Species (PA Species and Endangered Species Act listing status). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes (species accounts). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Upstate Snakes: Some Frequently Asked Questions. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. page footer 2020; checked November 3, 2026.
- Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Worm Snake (Carphophis amoenus). University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (linked by SCDNR as its species information). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- DRAFT District of Columbia State Wildlife Action Plan 2025, Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need. DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE). Draft 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Snakes of New Jersey (brochure). New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. PDF Last-Modified 2021-06-23; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Wormsnake (fact sheet). Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), Wildlife Division. Content last updated on March 8, 2018; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query (Carphophis amoenus, Carphophis vermis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- Iowa Administrative Code 571 Chapter 77: Endangered and Threatened Plant and Animal Species. Iowa Natural Resource Commission (Iowa DNR), published by the Iowa Legislature. IAC 5/13/26; checked November 3, 2026.
- Learn about eastern wormsnakes. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife). archived copy, captured September 2, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Wormsnake (MDC Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Eastern Worm Snake (excerpt from Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Jersey). New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife ~ 2003; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Wormsnake (Carphophis ameonus) | Kentucky Snake Identification. University of Kentucky Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources (Forestry Extension). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Worm Snake | Amphibians, Turtles & Reptiles of Nebraska. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis) - Rare Species & Natural Communities. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Reptiles » Snakes (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife species accounts). Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Tennessee Watchable Wildlife website). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Herps of Texas: Snakes of Texas. Herps of Texas, Biodiversity Collections, Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin. 2020-07-23 (archive capture date; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
Yellow garden spider: 12 sources
- ENY2080 An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders (Powell & Taylor). UF/IFAS Extension (EDIS). Original publication date February 2023; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in and Around Homes. NC State Extension (N.C. Cooperative Extension, NC State University). Publication date: Jan. 1, 2008; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M (Biota Information System of New Mexico) species search export: taxonomic name "Araneae". New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M, with Natural Heritage New Mexico). updated March 16, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife (text by Richard A. Bradley, Ph.D.). PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Yellow Garden Spider. Penn State Extension. updated June 24, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Black-and-Yellow Garden Spider (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- W1415 Jorō Spider. University of Tennessee Extension (UT Institute of Agriculture). W1415 08/26 [August 2026]; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. 6/06; checked November 3, 2026.
- List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). May, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- MDC Field Guide: Land Invertebrates and Butterflies and Moths (selected species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Jorō Spiders. Penn State Extension. September 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Yellow jacket: 10 sources
- Lookout for Yellow Jackets - Outdoor Stinging Insects. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. published 2021-08-31; checked November 3, 2026.
- Pest Notes: Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps. University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR Cooperative Extension). updated 03/2012; checked November 3, 2026.
- Insects and Scorpions at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 4, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Circular 782: Ouch! What Just Bit Me? Insect Identification Guide for Southeastern Landscapes (Stinging Pests). University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. published with major revisions October 26, 2022; checked November 3, 2026.
- Animals, Bites, and Stings (FAQ). U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Poison Help. archived copy, captured July 13, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Bees and Wasps of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5488). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. Publication date 3/16; checked November 3, 2026.
- European Hornet. Penn State Extension. updated July 19, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management. Penn State Extension. updated February 4, 2024; checked November 3, 2026.
- SP341-M Yellowjacket Wasps in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Extension. SP 341-M 09/24; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Terrestrial Animals of Texas (B-6118). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. publication code B-6118 8-04; checked November 3, 2026.
Yellow Sac Spider: 11 sources
- Pest Notes: Spiders (UC ANR Publication 7442). University of California Statewide IPM Program (UC ANR, Cooperative Extension). 2020-10; checked November 3, 2026.
- BISON-M Species Booklet: Brown Recluse Spider (Species ID 300400). New Mexico Department of Wildlife (BISON-M). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common spiders brochure (11 species and groups). NYSDEC, text by Cornell University Department of Entomology, reprinted from New York State Conservationist. June 2007; checked November 3, 2026.
- Common Spiders of Ohio Field Guide (Publication 5140). Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. PUBLICATION 5140; checked November 3, 2026.
- Agrarian Sac Spider and Longlegged Sac Spider. Penn State Extension. updated January 19, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spider Myths. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington (Washington State Museum). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Colorado Insect of Interest: Yellow-legged Sac Spiders. Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders in the Home. Colorado State University Extension. Published September 2013; checked November 3, 2026.
- Spiders (E-408 6/06), Jackman, Brown, Engler & Merchant. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. archived copy, captured October 8, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
- Venomous Spiders at Work. CDC/NIOSH. archived copy, captured October 6, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- ENTO-73 Spiders with Potentially Harmful Venom Found in Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech. Publication Date August 1, 2025; checked November 3, 2026.
Zebra mussel: 10 sources
- Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) - Species Profile, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. U.S. Geological Survey (NAS). Revision Date: 10/11/2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra Mussel (Field Guide). Missouri Department of Conservation. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. archived copy, captured September 8, 2026; checked November 3, 2026.
- 50 CFR Part 16, Injurious Wildlife (eCFR). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Code of Federal Regulations, via eCFR). current eCFR text as retrieved 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- ECOS species report query. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. live query 2026-11-03; checked November 3, 2026.
- TPWD Wildlife Fact Sheet: Aquatic Invasive Species. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- 2025 Louisiana State Wildlife Action Plan. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2025 plan; checked November 3, 2026.
- Invasive Species. Virginia DWR. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS). Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
- Aquatic Invasive Species. New Mexico Department of Wildlife (formerly New Mexico Department of Game and Fish). page modified 2026-06-02; checked November 3, 2026.
GBIF occurrence data
Month bars and observation maps use human-observation records with coordinates from GBIF.org, filtered to records licensed CC0 1.0 or CC BY 4.0 (records under non-commercial licences are excluded). Data accessed November 3, 2026, through the GBIF occurrence API. The counts combine 304 datasets totalling 1,002,890,577 record matches across all state, group and species-guide queries; the largest are listed below with their DOIs.
Citation: GBIF.org (3 November 2026) GBIF Occurrence Data, CC0 and CC BY 4.0 human observations, United States, filtered by state and taxon.
| Dataset | Records used | DOI |
|---|---|---|
| EOD – eBird Observation Dataset | 992,004,137 | 10.15468/aomfnb |
| iNaturalist Research-grade Observations | 5,790,180 | 10.15468/ab3s5x |
| Birda - Global Observation Dataset | 1,438,856 | 10.15468/6kud7x |
| USGS GAP - Alaska - Vertebrates - 1867-2009 | 1,034,590 | 10.15468/hkfvyx |
| USGS PWRC - Bird Phenology Program | 958,442 | 10.15468/w4cjwm |
| Monarch Watch | 352,206 | 10.15468/km9q2b |
| NEON Breeding landbird point counts | 321,166 | 10.15468/3vd2zk |
| PollardBase | 115,309 | 10.15468/phlkto |
| Xerces Society - Bumble Bee Watch | 104,249 | 10.15468/t4rau8 |
| Mohonk Preserve Historical Observational Biodiversity Data | 98,067 | 10.15468/tckm2a |
| MVZ Bird Observations (Arctos) | 93,228 | 10.15468/olcyq4 |
| The Lepidopterists' Society Season Summary | 85,048 | 10.15468/jo1wfa |
| PISCO Kelp Forest Community Surveys | 62,680 | 10.6085/aa/pisco_kelpforest.1.11 |
| Historic Bird and Wildlife Records Observed by Guy Waterman in Vermont, USA (1974-1998) | 51,651 | 10.15468/gn8hy7 |
| Powdermill Nature Reserve Bird Point Count Surveys | 47,952 | 10.15468/23qhtm |
| Borror Lab of Bioacoustics (BLB), Ohio State University | 37,388 | 10.15468/wyz5x9 |
| Mohonk Preserve Historical Observational Index Card Natural History Data | 34,932 | 10.15468/9wepze |
| Observations of whooping cranes during winter aerial surveys from 1950 - 2011 | 33,381 | 10.7944/sn8j-t710 |
| NABU|naturgucker | 31,232 | 10.15468/uc1apo |
| Vermont Butterfly Atlas 1.0 (2002-2007) | 23,375 | 10.15468/y5df9j |
| Marc Kummel Photography | 14,490 | 10.15468/k4g2zn |
| Datos de ocurrencia de triatominos americanos del Laboratorio de Triatominos del CEPAVE (CONICET-UNLP) | 13,204 | 10.15468/fbywtn |
| UAM Insect Observations (Arctos) | 10,281 | 10.15468/8nv0mp |
| Kauai Invasive Species Committee - Pest Surveys - 2001-2011 | 7,335 | 10.15468/mwiaar |
| Multi-decadal shifts in fish community diversity across a dynamic biogeographic transition zone | 6,744 | 10.15468/r7yqqb |
| USGS ASC - Copper River Delta - Birds - 1997-2005 | 5,614 | 10.15468/cgbub0 |
| FWS - Kenai National Wildlife Refuge - Snowshoe Hare Grid Surveys | 5,318 | 10.15468/f8tmwr |
| Mohonk Preserve Phenology Observations | 4,826 | 10.15468/b6zrtg |
| NMNH Extant Specimen Records (USNM, US) | 4,638 | 10.15468/hnhrg3 |
| USGS ASC - Yukon Kuskokwim River Delta - Birds - 1992-2002 | 4,344 | 10.15468/0cmsnf |
| Arctic Species Trend Index (ASTI) : Marine | 4,221 | 10.15468/il2vr5 |
| USGS SESC - Everglades - Herpetofauna - 2005 | 3,835 | 10.15468/wzlxpu |
| Global Roadkill Data: a dataset on terrestrial vertebrate mortality caused by collision with vehicles (Opportunistic Records) | 3,245 | 10.1038/s41597-024-04207-x |
| USGS ASC - Changing Arctic Ecosystems - Alaska - Birds | 2,935 | 10.15468/dz11z3 |
| USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Seabirds Compendium | 2,895 | 10.15468/w2vk7x |
| Historic Wildlife Roadkill Reports from Vermont, USA (1971-2006) | 2,882 | 10.15468/6a4xjj |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Matagorda Bay Trawl | 2,827 | 10.15468/cnx5ca |
| Birds Recorded by Helen M. Carr in Vermont, USA (1923-1981) | 2,751 | 10.15468/vmwba9 |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Corpus Christi Bay Trawl | 2,622 | 10.15468/tvkeni |
| Occurrences from Kenai National Wildlife Refuge’s Long Term Ecological Monitoring Program, 1999–2006 | 2,620 | 10.15468/73n3w7 |
| Maine Department of Marine Resources Inshore Trawl Survey 2000-2019 | 2,493 | 10.15468/9kkj3e |
| Project Timberdoodle - Powered by Anecdata.org | 2,476 | 10.15468/29v7xb |
| USGS SESC - Big Cypress - Herpetofauna - 2002-2003 | 2,321 | 10.15468/viwfur |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Aransas Bay Trawl | 2,151 | 10.15468/rhke3x |
| SEFSC CAGES Alabama Fish Length Data with CPUE | 2,087 | 10.15468/vs1k7e |
| Vermont Wild Bee Survey (2019-2021) | 2,047 | 10.15468/yjw5fk |
| Global Roadkill Data: a dataset on terrestrial vertebrate mortality caused by collision with vehicles (Systematic Records) | 1,897 | 10.1038/s41597-024-04207-x |
| Arctic Species Trend Index (ASTI) : Terrestrial | 1,890 | 10.15468/gd0xmy |
| USGS SESC - Everglades - Herpetofauna - 2000-2002 | 1,820 | 10.15468/sgpppi |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries San Antonio Bay Trawl | 1,646 | 10.15468/t83vuj |
| Mohonk Preserve Vernal Pool Amphibian Breeding Ecology Monitoring from 1931 to Present | 1,638 | 10.15468/dypfbs |
| Amphibian Migration Monitoring at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000) | 1,545 | 10.15468/nztdvb |
| Northeast Fisheries Science Center Bottom Trawl Survey Data | 1,520 | 10.15468/8c5pvg |
| Species Occurrence Data from the Journals of William Brewster, 1886-1894 | 1,390 | 10.15468/q45atb |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries San Antonio Bay Gill Net | 1,390 | 10.15468/1j4zcw |
| Rockfish Recruitment and Ecosystem Assessment Survey, Catch Data | 1,356 | 10.15468/73tvnd |
| Beaver Survey - Powered by Anecdata.org | 1,354 | 10.15468/hcuwad |
| TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Matagorda Bay Gill Net | 1,339 | 10.15468/gq5ghl |
| FPWC Bluebird Monitoring - Powered by Anecdata.org | 1,290 | 10.15468/6apyu4 |
| Records of Hawk Moths (Sphingidae) from Vermont, USA | 1,238 | 10.15468/eiiruj |
The other 244 datasets
- Wildlife observations of seabirds and marine mammals collected during sonar vessel surveys in the Gulf of Maine, 2015-2025, by the Maine Coastal Mapping Initiative (1,056) 10.82144/d00f0456
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Matagorda Bay Bag Seine (1,024) 10.15468/twwisi
- Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge Bumblebee (Bombus) Surveys (1,005) 10.15468/n4we52
- Statewide Alaska Tern Occurrences (1,000) 10.15468/7mzh97
- srli_global_araneae (944) 10.15468/kjmhog
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Lower Laguna Madre Trawl (937) 10.15468/ifutco
- Deer Creek Riparian Restoration Ecological Monitoring (917) 10.15468/scmp5u
- Surveys of Select Pollinators on Powerline Right-of-Ways in Central Vermont, USA (893) 10.15468/xmfsbj
- Essig Museum of Entomology (828) 10.15468/0saucj
- World Auchenorrhyncha Database (778) 10.15468/a33ezr
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Aransas Bay Gill Net (647) 10.15468/qyyvdr
- Arctic Species Trend Index (ASTI) : Freshwater (630) 10.15468/dtfeld
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries San Antonio Bay Bag Seine (560) 10.15468/imebif
- USGS FORT - Mesa Verde National Park - Bats - 2006-2007 (544) 10.15468/dxkppa
- EPA - National Lakes Assessment - Zooplankton - 2007 (528) 10.15468/bd3sbu
- Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (KNWR) Bird observations (Arctos) (515) 10.15468/1q7o8c
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Lower Laguna Madre Gill Net (486) 10.15468/t7auq9
- Happywhale - Humpback whale in North Pacific Ocean (469) 10.82144/4991ec34
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Aransas Bay Bag Seine (466) 10.15468/o98iaw
- Fishes of Texas Project (FoTX) Database and Website - Darwin Core (444) 10.17603/c3wc70
- Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program Near Shore Trawl Survey (NEAMAP) (432) 10.15468/vyglei
- UCM Vertebrate Observations Collection (Arctos) (412) 10.15468/uenx6a
- VIMS Chesapeake Bay Multispecies Monitoring and Assessment Program (401) 10.15468/ggn70u
- USGS SESC - Biscayne - Herpetofauna - 2002-2003 (386) 10.15468/5duujp
- Roadkill Reports - Powered by Anecdata.org (364) 10.15468/ccwj8u
- National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Assessment of fish communities in the Florida Keys during 2018 (360) 10.15468/ejufy4
- National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Assessment of fish communities in the Florida Keys during 2016 (355) 10.15468/nzvpq2
- National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Assessment of fish communities in the Florida Keys during 2014 (328) 10.15468/jbl2rv
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Corpus Christi Bay Bag Seine (321) 10.15468/rsmz5o
- SEANET (Seabird Ecological Assessment Network) - Powered by Anecdata.org (315) 10.15468/2e789w
- Bandon Marsh NWR: Shorebirds - Distribution and Abundance - Bandon Marsh Unit - Darwin Core Archive (314) 10.15468/z8px4f
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries, Corpus Christi Bay Gill Net (311) 10.15468/borr1c
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Upper Laguna Madre Trawl (287) 10.15468/yjtjfw
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2011 (280) 10.15468/06aqle
- Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy - OPA 2017 (277) 10.82144/2972b82d
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Lower Laguna Madre Bag Seine (268) 10.15468/zkycnl
- SC Dolphin Project - Powered by Anecdata.org (266) 10.15468/9zrzjd
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Upper Laguna Madre Gill Net (263) 10.15468/scwtde
- CardObs : Observations naturalistes issues de l'outil CardObs-Données naturalistes de Patrick HAFFNER (260) 10.15468/gn9rds
- USGS ASC - Changing Arctic Ecosystems - Birdlist - 2011-2013 (257) 10.15468/1c9xmg
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Sabine Lake Gill Net (228) 10.15468/qvitpx
- Historic Upland Sandpiper Breeding Surveys from Vermont, USA (1989-2001) (222) 10.15468/nekr7n
- Great Eggcase Hunt - global citizen science observations of chondrichthyian eggcases (211) 10.15468/v3ugzp
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2012 (208) 10.15468/vnvtmr
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2012 (204) 10.15468/adis7b
- Texas Turtles Digital Collection (202) 10.15468/u757ag
- Native Bee Inventory of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge (200) 10.15468/cv5uwp
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2001 (196) 10.15468/t0r3vt
- Historic Butterfly Records Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas 1.0 (193) 10.15468/6z99f3
- NOAA AFSC North Pacific Groundfish Observer (187) 10.15468/bg83kc
- Sizing Ocean Giants (185) 10.15468/mfxiws
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2002 (180) 10.15468/pcikkj
- MDI Loon Survey - Powered by Anecdata.org (173) 10.15468/9jkev2
- BoBO - Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin Observations (171) 10.15468/9ll2gz
- National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Assessment of fish communities in the Dry Tortugas during 2014 (167) 10.15468/nawlft
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2009 (157) 10.15468/tnn5ra
- University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection (153) 10.15468/w6hvhv
- Amphibian Migration Monitoring at the VINS Bragdon Preserve Pond in Vermont, USA (1996-1999) (148) 10.15468/97pg9v
- Notebook, general observations (147) 10.15468/4g56tp
- USGS FORT - Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge - Bats - 1997-1998 (140) 10.15468/skdu2c
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Sabine Lake Bay Trawl (140) 10.15468/qj5ysi
- Nocturnal Calling Frog Surveys at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000) (137) 10.15468/347m7k
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2000 (137) 10.15468/1pyhh5
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2010 (136) 10.15468/6chrsz
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2003 (130) 10.15468/es1iso
- USGS Alaska Science Center Polar Bear Maternal Dens (124) 10.5066/p9rphh50
- Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy - OPA 2016 (121) 10.82144/9a79fb37
- Maine Jellies - Powered by Anecdata.org (117) 10.15468/b4ye2c
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2008 (106) 10.15468/7zofww
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2005 (98) 10.15468/zq1ep2
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1997 (97) 10.15468/419say
- CRC HRC Shore-based Surveys KB11 2013-2015 (96) 10.82144/0b3df86e
- MSB Host Collection (Arctos) (96) 10.15468/5o0fct
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2007 (96) 10.15468/dfyb57
- Roadside Grassland Bird Point Counts in Champlain Valley, Vermont, USA (1991 and 1993) (95) 10.15468/ffqp6w
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2004 (91) 10.15468/jlkkrw
- Roadkill (90) 10.15468/ejb47y
- Mosquito Alert Dataset (87) 10.15470/t5a1os
- Happywhale - Killer whale in North Pacific Ocean (85) 10.82144/1131e581
- Monitoring and Managing Ash (MaMA) Lingering Ash Survey- Powered by Anecdata.org (83) 10.15468/jeqj74
- Ecological Baseline Studies of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Option Year 2 (82) 10.82144/f367ffcb
- National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Assessment of fish communities in the Dry Tortugas during 2016 (80) 10.15468/jr4suq
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2006 (76) 10.15468/dple14
- Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy - OPA 2018 (75) 10.82144/586dc6d4
- Historical distribution of whales shown by logbook records 1785-1913 (74) 10.82144/f3b623de
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1999 (73) 10.15468/dwxlan
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1995 (70) 10.15468/uzpt9m
- Happywhale - Gray whale in North Pacific Ocean (68) 10.82144/72f0eb7a
- Capture and Morphometric Data from Ocelots around Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge from 2011-2021 (67) 10.7944/m32b-ps86
- Bioimages (66) 10.15468/jib4rt
- Distribución potencial de las especies de anfibios y reptiles en categoría de riesgo de México (66) 10.15468/mdqurs
- Records of Giant Silkmoths (Saturniinae) from Vermont Collections and 2002-2007 (66) 10.15468/qrdl22
- Maine Harbor Seals: Young's Bay 1988-2014 - Powered by Anecdata.org (64) 10.15468/99988f
- Vermont Small Mammal Atlas Records (63) 10.15468/vstcf3
- SERC Cownose Ray Study (62) 10.14286/xdiqte
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 2004 (62) 10.15468/nuqkih
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Upper Laguna Madre Bag Seine (60) 10.15468/ag1vv8
- NWTRC JP02 Marine Mammal Aerial Surveys in the Puget Sound 2013 (59) 10.82144/ae2d8f31
- Maine Harbor Seals: Kennebunkport 80 to 88 - Powered by Anecdata.org (57) 10.15468/8tm4mt
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2010 (54) 10.15468/7dnpl0
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - Freshwater Fishes of Florida - 1956-2000 (54) 10.15468/eyb0mq
- Iowa Survey Howard County United States 2019-2024 (53) 10.15468/t34djc
- Mohonk Preserve Forest Health Monitoring Data (53) 10.15468/gukkks
- Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (50) 10.15468/wwds1e
- Birds and Marine Mammals in Frenchman Bay - Powered by Anecdata.org (50) 10.15468/zxjkdk
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2008 (47) 10.15468/oomxex
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1998 (47) 10.15468/kfnaep
- ECNASAP - East Coast North America Strategic Assessment (44) 10.15468/jbshoy
- Pacific Marine Life dive surveys - species database (42) 10.25607/yc4yvx
- Arizona State University General Vertebrate Observations (41) 10.15468/4usmgw
- Monitoring and Evaluation of Kelp Forest Ecosystems in the MLPA Marine Protected Area Network (40) 10.25494/p6/mlpa_kelpforest.9
- Abundance of Rocky Reef Fishes, Invertebrates and Algae, Reef Check California (RCCA), 2006 - 2017 (40) 10.25494/p6js3m
- The Ecology of the Inshore Marine Zooplankton of the Chukchi Sea near Point Barrow, Alaska (39) 10.15468/1y4zzb
- Fire Ant Tracker - Powered by Anecdata.org (38) 10.15468/w8van4
- Historic Records of Boreal Chorus Frog in Vermont, USA (37) 10.15468/94phe3
- Ecological Baseline Studies of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Option Year 1 (37) 10.82144/47a6c4f3
- USGS FORT - Ouray National Wildlife Refuge - Bats - 2010 (36) 10.15468/xvl9qg
- NWTRC JP04 Aerial Surveys 2014-2015 (36) 10.82144/cccadf30
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2006 (36) 10.15468/rexjmu
- VACAPES NFC Aerial Surveys 2018-2019 (35) 10.82144/78d4cbe5
- MVZ Mammal Observations (Arctos) (32) 10.15468/ivcidi
- Multistate Aquatic Resources Information System - MARIS - Fish (31) 10.15468/wubvvz
- NWTRC Aerial Surveys in Puget Sound in 2016 (28) 10.82144/12766ea7
- HRC Ground-based Surveys Aug 20 2013 (26) 10.82144/df674ecd
- DFO Maritimes Region Cetacean Sightings (26) 10.25607/xjo4dj
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 1999 (25) 10.15468/g8q8ey
- Gray Whales Count annual survey of northbound migration in Santa Barbara Channel, California 2011-2012 (24) 10.82144/7ed8042e
- Dry Tortugas Reef Visual Census 2000 (24) 10.15468/quejlc
- Downeast Tomcod Monitoring - Powered by Anecdata.org (22) 10.15468/sq6w35
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1994 (22) 10.15468/rdkfyf
- Specimen data of a new North American species of Etainia (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), feeding on Arbutus and Arctostaphylos species (Ericaceae) (20) 10.15468/espa8k
- Cerceris fumipennis nest sites (20) 10.15468/w6knbz
- NaGISA Project (19) 10.15468/3gdwj2
- Aspilanta new genus (Heliozelidae) specimen data (18) 10.15468/79mu7z
- Biodiversity4all Research-Grade Observations (17) 10.15468/njmmp7
- MVZ Herp Observations (Arctos) (16) 10.15468/qt7sxl
- Florida Keys Reef Visual Census 1996 (16) 10.15468/gaekez
- Kittlitzs_murrelet (15) 10.15468/nvvwql
- ibbi observations (14) 10.15468/m94g82
- Downeast Maine Smelt Monitoring - Powered by Anecdata.org (14) 10.15468/gqc4zg
- Happywhale - Harbor seal in North Pacific Ocean (13) 10.82144/d32dd70a
- BOEM Beaufort Sea, Alaska, Fish and Invertebrate Haul and Catch, with Oceanography, 2008 (13) 10.15468/tevhp6
- Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology (2000-2019) (13) 10.1126/sciadv.abo1754
- Bird Watching in North Carolina - Powered by Anecdata.org (12) 10.15468/ucc9m2
- Butterflies (Papilionoidea) and Giant Silk Moths (Saturnidae) in the James D. Hedbor Lepidoptera Collection (12) 10.15468/8dkd5q
- Beacon Wind Digital Aerial Wildlife Surveys for BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 0520, Equinor Wind US LLC, December 2019 – November 2020 (12) 10.82144/c2b72183
- Desarrollo de modelos fisiológicos para predecir la distribución geográfica de murciélagos filostómidos y colibríes (11) 10.15468/8zurme
- Exploring the seasonal dynamics of coastal movements in white sharks across the North-East Pacific (11) 10.14286/rut7mw
- MarineGEO Global Seagrass Habitat Monitoring Data (11) 10.15468/mt7ggd
- TPWD HARC Texas Coastal Fisheries Sabine Lake Bag Seine (11) 10.15468/o1wsto
- Happywhale - California sea lion in North Pacific Ocean (9) 10.82144/1a714e54
- HRC KB26 Shoreline Aerial Surveys Jan-Feb 2014 (9) 10.82144/a72dcfb2
- Community Environmental Health Laboratory Alewife Monitoring 2005-2006 (9) 10.15468/s56agd
- Vermont Wild Bee Survey: Miscellaneous Records (9) 10.15468/9ek5m8
- Happywhale - Sea otter in North Pacific Ocean (8) 10.82144/5ac72bea
- ALA species sightings and OzAtlas (8) 10.15468/jayxmn
- Mammal records for Europe via the iMammalia app (8) 10.15468/a8ngn5
- Lionfish Watch - Powered by Anecdata.org (8) 10.15468/2f3ypm
- Eastern Canada Benthic Macro Fauna (7) 10.15468/mzwmqt
- izeltlabuak.hu observations validated to species level (7) 10.15468/rsmdu9
- Aerial digital survey of ecological studies for offshore wind energy development in Mid-Atlantic Bight (7) 10.82144/c5cf8caa
- Vessel line-transect surveys of Arctic cetaceans in the Chuckchi Sea, Arctic Marine Biodiversity Observing Network (AMBON) research cruise on the vessel Norseman II, 2015-08-09 - 2015-09-03 (6) 10.15468/fxjpbr
- Lepidoptera collection of Hannu Saarenmaa (6) 10.15468/rmd2mk
- Big Island Invasive Species Committee - Pest Reports - 2005-2010 (6) 10.15468/hp7zwr
- Community Environmental Health Laboratory Healthy Beaches Monitoring 2003-2022 (6) 10.15468/w35b43
- Lamont-Doherty/LGL/NSF cruises (5) 10.82144/1720aa89
- Happywhale - Common bottlenose dolphin in North Atlantic Ocean (5) 10.82144/ce1fde64
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database Non-freshwater Specimens (5) 10.15468/e9lcrw
- Southern Maine Community College Gulf of Maine Invertebrate Data (5) 10.15468/v2eq9j
- Insect Specimens from Trap Nests deployed in Vermont, USA (5) 10.15468/rcj3ah
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division, National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of reef fish in the U.S. Pacific Islands (5) 10.15468/tk1hwm
- Inventory of fishes of Everglades National Park: Fishes Checklist (5) 10.25607/dpvccz
- Corvids Literature Database (4) 10.15468/sqe7ty
- Happywhale - Green sea turtle in North Pacific Ocean (4) 10.82144/8da088be
- CRC HRC PMRF Aerial Ship-follow Surveys February 2015 and 2016 (4) 10.82144/0465d40c
- HRC Aerial Surveys Aug 20-22 2013 (4) 10.82144/1b5b6d38
- Blue Ocean Society Spotters - Powered by Anecdata.org (4) 10.15468/gsahjt
- Happywhale - Humpback whale in North Atlantic Ocean (4) 10.82144/cf65dab0
- Bird ringing and recovery database (TIPU) (4) 10.15468/kht1r3
- Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (KNWR) Mammal observations (Arctos) (3) 10.15468/kwxhqg
- Tagged Seal Location Data from SOGLOBEC (3) 10.15468/fdpo5a
- MSB Mammal Observations (Arctos) (3) 10.15468/sl6g1y
- SOCAL Marine Mammal Aerial Monitoring 2008-2009 (3) 10.82144/b2ffcd71
- HRC SCC Aerial-Based Monitoring Survey February 2010 (3) 10.82144/87d6f751
- ZOBODAT (Zoological Botanical Database) (3) 10.15468/ynjblx
- Hatikka.fi observations (3) 10.15468/te1t6l
- NYSDEC aerial surveys (3) 10.82144/9b958e56
- HRC KB26 Shoreline Aerial Surveys Aug 2014 (3) 10.82144/dd362380
- Beacon Wind Digital Aerial Wildlife Surveys for BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 0520, Equinor Wind US LLC, March 2021 – October 2021 (3) 10.82144/e86c3513
- UT-CO Freshwater Mollusks Survey (3) 10.15468/qry4ue
- Happywhale - Sperm whale in North Pacific Ocean (2) 10.82144/5ae51962
- Happywhale - Harbor porpoise in North Pacific Ocean (2) 10.82144/28b78734
- Happywhale - Steller sea lion in North Pacific Ocean (2) 10.82144/04f7d6cb
- Arizona State University Mammalogy Collection (2) 10.15468/6yfhex
- Happywhale - Common bottlenose dolphin in North Pacific Ocean (2) 10.82144/4b1f9bc3
- Happywhale - Common bottlenose dolphin in North Pacific Ocean (2) 10.82144/4b1f9bc3
- NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) Fisheries Log Book System (FLS) Commercial Pelagic Logbook Data (2) 10.15468/sgyn9w
- Bibliographie de la faune, la flore et la fonge de France métropolitaine et outre-mer-Bibliographique de la faune, la flore et la fonge de France métropolitaine et outre-mer (2) 10.15468/cthncb
- HRC RIMPAC Aerial-Based Monitoring Surveys 2008 (2) 10.82144/5d58bc21
- HRC SCC Aerial Shoreline Surveys February 2012 (2) 10.82144/690d796e
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Science Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program, Rapid Ecological Assessments of Fish Belt Transect Surveys (BLT) at Coral Reef Sites across the Pacific Ocean from 2000 to 2009 (2) 10.15468/tzr5bf
- Happywhale - Atlantic gray seal in North Atlantic Ocean (2) 10.82144/cfe65634
- Happywhale - Harbor seal in North Atlantic Ocean (2) 10.82144/c9bfb6b3
- NatureShare (2) 10.15468/4cqg2v
- Norfolk/VA Beach Inshore Vessel Surveys (2) 10.82144/9ec3ddef
- USGS South Florida Fish and Invertebrate Assessment Network Fish (2) 10.15468/qk3y5e
- Sightings for AN/AQS-20 Sonar Aerial Monitoring in the NSWC PCD Study Area from July 2011 and May 2012 (2) 10.82144/88900254
- Empire Wind Digital Aerial Wildlife Surveys for BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Equinor Wind US LLC, November 2017-October 2018 (2) 10.82144/9b17dc03
- Empire Wind Digital Aerial Wildlife Surveys for BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Equinor Wind US LLC, February - December 2019 (2) 10.82144/179b838e
- Maritimes Spring Research Vessel Surveys (2) 10.15468/jcy6y4
- MAISHA - Mediterranean Archive of Integrated Stomach and feeding Habits Analysis (2) 10.13120/hwpn1e
- Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Invasive Fish Surveys - 2023 (1) 10.15468/kzw2j5
- DFO Pacific IOS zooplankton database - Zooplankton samples collected during cruises to the Canadian Arctic, 2006-2009 (1) 10.15468/wy8krd
- Modelación de la distribución y abundancia de las subespecies de venado cola blanca en México: implicaciones de conservación y manejo (1) 10.15468/3nupdb
- MVZ Herp Collection (Arctos) (1) 10.15468/pi1mts
- Die Algenflora Westfalens und der angrenzenden Gebiete (1) 10.15468/xbycn3
- Mapping recovery in the Thomas Fire Scar - Powered by Anecdata.org (1) 10.15468/nq3788
- SOCAL Marine Mammal Aerial Monitoring 2010 (1) 10.82144/38787b01
- Happywhale - Fin whale in North Pacific Ocean (1) 10.82144/db5aa9e8
- SOCAL KB04, FZN1, FZN2 Marine Mammal Aerial Monitoring 2011-2012 (1) 10.82144/1cbcb8d5
- Happywhale - Common minke whale in North Pacific Ocean (1) 10.82144/6d2576a9
- South Australian Museum Adelaide provider for OZCAM (1) 10.15468/wz4rrh
- Sea turtle sightings in Taiwan | 台灣海龜目擊紀錄 (1) 10.15468/43z4mj
- CRC HRC Vessel-Based Surveys KB11 2013-2014 (1) 10.82144/e1c0a421
- HRC USWEX Aerial-Based Monitoring Surveys 2007 (1) 10.82144/4f57a62d
- HRC USWEX Aerial-based Shoreline Surveys February and March 2011 (1) 10.82144/f47e3346
- HRC SCC Aerial-based Ship-follow Surveys February 2011 (1) 10.82144/d18a2cc1
- Hexacorallians of the world (1) 10.15468/90drpi
- Pollen profile from Pittsburg Basin (1) 10.1594/pangaea.707441
- JNCC Marine Mammal Survey - Powered by Anecdata.org (1) 10.15468/jbqjuj
- Bar Harbor Cruise Ship Monitoring 2004-2022 (1) 10.15468/5uxx3v
- Happywhale - Antarctic shag in North Atlantic Ocean (1) 10.82144/2f9f2760
- Happywhale - Pygmy sperm whale in North Atlantic Ocean (1) 10.82144/c59ec245
- TurtleSAT (1) 10.15468/jkb84j
- Echidna-CSI (1) 10.15468/c5bb4y
- Löydös Open Finnish Observation Database (1) 10.15468/8fzv2j
- Happywhale - Blue whale in North Pacific Ocean (1) 10.82144/5f0802f1
- Happywhale - Long-finned pilot whale in North Atlantic Ocean (1) 10.82144/a5d51fac
- Modelos de distribución actual y futura de los crácidos presentes en México (1) 10.15468/z3y374
- NSN Monitoring for Pier 1 Upgrades 2011-2012 (1) 10.82144/3aa7f6c9
- Basking Shark Project - global citizen science observations of Cetorhinus maximus (1) 10.15468/v4ycnv
- USGS Great Lakes Science Center Research Vessel Catch Information System Trawl (1) 10.15468/82wzir
- Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of the Midwest, USA: A Species Occurrence Dataset Compiled over Nearly 170 Years (1) 10.15468/d347ck
- SERC Atlantic Stingray Study (1) 10.14286/kuuuan
Other data
- U.S. Geological Survey. [2026]. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [11/3/2026].
- State boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau, cartographic boundary file cb_2024_us_state_20m.
- 50 CFR part 16, Injurious wildlife, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, checked November 3, 2026.
- Photos: see photo credits.