This page lists 10 species: all from Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide's Montana Field Guide: Amphibians.
1 is nonnative.
All 10 frogs and toads
From A to Z.
No confirmed photo of Boreal Chorus Frog
Boreal Chorus Frog
Pseudacris maculata
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Habitat: Typically found within 100 m (328 ft) of permanent or temporary waters in grasslands, shrublands, or forest parklands (Kramer 1974; Roberts and Lewin 1979). (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide)
No confirmed photo of Columbia Spotted Frog
Columbia Spotted Frog
Rana luteiventris
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Conservation
State Rank S5
What the sources say
Habitat: The Columbia Spotted Frog are highly aquatic and are regularly found at water's edge in or near forest openings. (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide)
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Size
Usually 6 to 8 inches long (NCWRC); can reach 8 inches or more and weigh over 2 pounds (CDFW). Missouri gives 3.5 to 6 inches snout to vent, occasionally to 8.75.
How to recognize it
No ridge (dorsolateral fold) down each side of the back
Large round eardrum: about twice the eye in males, about eye-sized in females
Fully webbed hind feet, longest toe extends past the webbing
Species of Concern; State Rank S3S4; USFS: Sensitive - Suspected in Forests (KOOT, LOLO); BLM: SENSITIVE; FWP SWAP: SGCN
JFMAMJJASOND
40 records by month.What the sources say
Habitat: In Montana, the Northern Leopard Frog is typically found in and adjacent to low elevation and valley bottom ponds, spillway ponds, beaver ponds, stock reservoirs, lakes, creeks, pools in intermittent streams, warm water springs, potholes, and marshes (Brunson and Demaree 1951, Mosimann and Rabb 1952, Black 1969a, Miller 1978, Dood 1980, Reichel 1995a, 1995b Hendricks and Reichel 1996a, 1996b, Hendricks 1999a). (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide)
No confirmed photo of Plains Spadefoot
Plains Spadefoot
Spea bombifrons
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
No confirmed photo of Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog
Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog
Ascaphus montanus
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Conservation
Species of Potential Concern; State Rank S3S4; FWP SWAP: SGCN
What the sources say
Habitat: Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs are found in and along small (< 4.5 m (14.8 ft) width), fast permanent forested streams with clear, cold water, cobble or boulder substrates, and little silt (Franz and Lee 1970, Franz 1971, Welsh 1990). (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide)
No confirmed photo of Sierran Treefrog
Sierran Treefrog
Pseudacris sierra
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Species of Concern; State Rank S2; USFS: Sensitive - Known in Forests (BD, BRT, KOOT, LOLO); BLM: SENSITIVE; FWP SWAP: SGCN
No confirmed photo of Woodhouse's Toad
Woodhouse's Toad
Anaxyrus woodhousii
Not stated
Venom
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Conservation
State Rank S5
What the sources say
Habitat: The Woodhouse’s Toad can be found in upland habitats with harder soils around areas with permanent waters. (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide)
When frogs and toads are active in Montana
Records of frogs and toads in Montana peak in June to August. They show when people record frogs and toads, not how many there are (about month bars).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
193 records of frogs and toads in Montana by month (GBIF, CC0 and CC BY records).
Boat or trailer with aquatic organisms: 1-800-TIP-MONT (1-800-847-6668). FWP main office: (406) 444-2535. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
About this list
The species list comes from Montana Field Guide: Amphibians (order Anura) (Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library) with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Montana Field Guide, Internet Archive captures 2025-05-06 to 2026-09-02, one per family page (each listed below)).
Venom labels come only from official sources and link to them; "Not stated" never means harmless. How labels work.
