States Wildlife

Missouri Turtles: Identification Guide With Pictures

Last checked November 3, 2026 against official sources.

On this page
  1. Which turtles can hurt you
  2. All 18 turtles
  3. Lookalikes
  4. When they are active
  5. If you are bitten or stung
  6. About this list
  7. Sources

MDC: Missouri has 18 species of turtles, with one additional subspecies or geographic races, that represent four different families.

This page lists 18 turtles: all from MDC's A Guide to Missouri's Turtles.

Which turtles can hurt you

Official sources single out these turtles in Missouri, in their own words:

  • Red-Eared Slider
    Photo: ncb1221 · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

    Red-Eared Slider

    Can carry salmonella per MDC. “When it became known that the turtles and their water can harbor salmonella bacteria, and that humans handling the turtles might be affected, sales of the turtles mostly ended.” MDC

  • Midland Smooth Softshell
    Photo: Chrissy McClarren and Andy Reago · CC0 1.0 · iNaturalist

    Midland Smooth Softshell

    Strong jaws. “Though softshells have notoriously strong jaws and should always be handled with caution, smooth softshells are less inclined to bite when captured compared to spiny softshells.” MDC

  • Northern Spiny Softshell
    Photo: Peter Paplanus · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

    Northern Spiny Softshell

    Bites when captured (MDC). “Spiny softshells are defensive and will try to bite when captured.” MDC

All 18 turtles

From A to Z. Do not handle them.

No confirmed photo of Blanding's Turtle

Blanding's Turtle

Emydoidea blandingii

Where in Missouri
Occurs in a few counties in extreme northeastern and northwestern Missouri with historic accounts in the St. Louis area. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: State Endangered; MDC field guide: Endangered, Species of Conservation Concern
What the sources say

Habitat: This semiaquatic turtle spends a considerable amount of time in shallow water along the edge of wetlands in prairie and grassland habitats. (MDC)

Eastern Musk Turtle
Photo: Curtis Meyers · CC BY-SA 4.0 · iNaturalist · resized

Eastern Musk Turtle

Sternotherus odoratus

Where in Missouri
Occurs throughout most of Missouri except for the northwestern third of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: In Missouri, this mostly aquatic species is most abundant in slow-current sections of rivers and larger streams of the Ozarks; the swamps, sloughs, and small ditches of the Bootheel; and in a few rivers in the northeastern part of the state. (MDC)

Eastern River Cooter
Photo: Sam Kieschnick · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Eastern River Cooter

Pseudemys concinna concinna

Where in Missouri
Southern half of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: In Missouri, river cooters are usually active between April and October. (MDC)

Midland Smooth Softshell
Photo: Chrissy McClarren and Andy Reago · CC0 1.0 · iNaturalist

Midland Smooth Softshell

Apalone mutica mutica

Danger to people
“Though softshells have notoriously strong jaws and should always be handled with caution, smooth softshells are less inclined to bite when captured compared to spiny softshells.” MDC
Where in Missouri
Large rivers throughout the state. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: Game Species
What the sources say

Habitat: Midland smooth softshells live mainly in rivers and larger streams, especially the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, usually with moderate to fast current, and abundant sand or mud. (MDC)

Mississippi Mud Turtle
Photo: Peter Paplanus · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Mississippi Mud Turtle

Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis

Where in Missouri
Southeastern part of state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: This species lives in or near permanent and semipermanent water, including swamps, sloughs, oxbow lakes, ponds, ditches, and canals. (MDC)

North American Snapping Turtle
Photo: Cephas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · resized

North American Snapping Turtle

Chelydra serpentina

Size
Upper shell usually 8 to 14 inches, occasionally to nearly 20; usually 10 to 35 lb, occasionally to 75 lb in the wild.
How to recognize it
  • Large head, long tail
  • Saw-toothed scales on the long tail
  • Small, cross-shaped lower shell
Where in Missouri
Statewide. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: Game Species
87 records by month.
What the sources say

Habitat: The North American snapping turtle lives in a wide variety of aquatic habitats. (MDC)

Full North American Snapping Turtle guide

No confirmed photo of Northern False Map Turtle

Northern False Map Turtle

Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica

Where in Missouri
Occurs in large rivers, such as the Missouri, Osage, and upper Mississippi, while a subspecies, the Mississippi map turtle, G. p. kohnii (Baur) occurs in southern and … MDC
What the sources say

Range: Occurs in large rivers, such as the Missouri, Osage, and upper Mississippi, while a subspecies, the Mississippi map turtle, G. p. kohnii (Baur) occurs in southern and southeastern part of the state. Mississippi Map Turtle ▼

Habitat: Large rivers and their backwaters are the preferred aquatic habitat for northern false map turtles. (MDC)

No confirmed photo of Northern Map Turtle

Northern Map Turtle

Graptemys geographica

Where in Missouri
Occurs primarily in the Ozark Highlands and upper Mississippi River in northeastern part of state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: Northern map turtles are active from late March to October. (MDC)

Northern Spiny Softshell
Photo: Peter Paplanus · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Northern Spiny Softshell

Apalone spinifera spinifera

Danger to people
“Spiny softshells are defensive and will try to bite when captured.” MDC
Where in Missouri
Statewide. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: Game Species
What the sources say

Habitat: The northern spiny softshell mainly inhabits large rivers and streams, but it also lives in lakes, large ponds, and even roadside and irrigation ditches. (MDC)

Ornate Box Turtle
Photo: Archer Silverman · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Ornate Box Turtle

Terrapene ornata

Where in Missouri
Statewide, except for the southeastern corner of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: Ornate box turtles are a prairie species, living where there is a mixture of prairie grasses and forbs. (MDC)

No confirmed photo of Ouachita Map Turtle

Ouachita Map Turtle

Graptemys ouachitensis

Where in Missouri
Scattered throughout much of the state, except for southeastern and northwestern parts of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: Generally, this species has habitat needs and life history similar to the northern false map turtle (G. p. pseudogeographica), with which it used to be considered a sister subspecies: living in the main channels of large rivers during the active season, and overwintering underwater, in the mud at the bottom of lakes or other sluggish waters, likely among rocks, tree debris, and undercut banks. (MDC)

Red-Eared Slider
Photo: ncb1221 · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Red-Eared Slider

Trachemys scripta elegans

Danger to people
“When it became known that the turtles and their water can harbor salmonella bacteria, and that humans handling the turtles might be affected, sales of the turtles mostly ended.” MDC
Where in Missouri
Statewide, except for a few northern counties of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: The red-eared slider occurs in a wide variety of aquatic habitats, but it prefers a mud bottom, plenty of aquatic plants, and abundant basking sites. (MDC)

Southern Painted Turtle
Photo: Laura Mae · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Southern Painted Turtle

Chrysemys dorsalis

Where in Missouri
Southeastern part of the state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: This species is usually active from late March into early November. (MDC)

Three-Toed Box Turtle
Photo: Brian Dickerson · CC0 1.0 · iNaturalist

Three-Toed Box Turtle

Terrapene triunguis

Where in Missouri
Nearly statewide. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: This is the common box turtle of Ozark woodlands. (MDC)

Western Alligator Snapping Turtle
Photo: Eric Schmidt · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Western Alligator Snapping Turtle

Macrochelys temminckii

Size
Usually 15 to 26 inches of shell and 35 to 150 pounds; males can reach 29 inches and 249 pounds, females about 22 inches and 62 pounds. Missouri records over 250 pounds.
How to recognize it
  • Three prominent ridges on the upper shell
  • Very large head with a sharp, strongly hooked beak
  • Extra row of scutes on each side of the shell
Where in Missouri
Occurs in the southern, southeastern, and eastern sections of the state. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: Rare Species; MDC field guide: Species of Conservation Concern
What the sources say

Habitat: The preferred habitats include deep sloughs, oxbow lakes, and deep pools of large rivers. (MDC)

Full Western Alligator Snapping Turtle guide

No confirmed photo of Western Chicken Turtle

Western Chicken Turtle

Deirochelys reticularia miaria

Where in Missouri
Southeastern part of the state. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: State Endangered; MDC field guide: Endangered, Species of Conservation Concern
What the sources say

Habitat: Although the broader active season is from mid-March into August, western chicken turtles are apparently only active for a brief period in the spring and early summer (into July) and remain buried underground for the remainder of the year. (MDC)

Western Painted Turtle
Photo: Liren Varghese · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Western Painted Turtle

Chrysemys picta bellii

Where in Missouri
Nearly statewide, except for southeastern part of state. MDC
What the sources say

Habitat: This turtle is usually active between early April and October. (MDC)

Yellow Mud Turtle
Photo: Nick Block · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Yellow Mud Turtle

Kinosternon flavescens

Where in Missouri
Occurs in a few counties in southwestern Missouri, the Kansas City area, and northeastern part of state. MDC
Conservation
MDC turtle guide: State Endangered; MDC field guide: Endangered, Species of Conservation Concern
What the sources say

Habitat: In Missouri, the yellow mud turtle lives primarily in areas with open, sandy ridges close to wetlands. (MDC)

Turtles people confuse

Snapping Turtle or Alligator Snapping Turtle?

Snapping Turtle
Photo: Cephas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · resized

Snapping Turtle Not stated

Alligator Snapping Turtle
Photo: Eric Schmidt · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist

Alligator Snapping Turtle Not stated

Tennessee (TWRA): the alligator snapping turtle has a longer snout with a hooked beak, extra marginal scutes (shell-edge plates) and more conspicuous ridges on the shell. Missouri (MDC): its upper shell has 3 prominent ridges, one along the center line and one on either side, and its large head ends in a sharp, strongly hooked beak. Texas (TPWD): the common snapping turtle has an oval-shaped head and a comparatively smooth, rounded shell; the alligator snapper has three distinct ridges, a triangular head and a fleshy lure in its mouth. Caution: young common snapping turtles also have three keels on the shell (MDC, NCWRC, CT DEEP), so ridges alone do not separate small turtles.

Photos show typical adults; individuals vary. Never get close to compare.

When turtles are active in Missouri

Records of turtles in Missouri peak in April to June and September. They show when people record turtles, not how many there are (about month bars).

856 records of turtles in Missouri by month (GBIF, CC0 and CC BY records).

If you are bitten or stung

Call 911 or Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222 right away. Poison Help connects you to your local poison center, any time of day.

About this list

The species list comes from A Guide to Missouri's Turtles (MDC, E00468, 1/2023) (Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), 1/2023).

Venom labels come only from official sources and link to them; "Not stated" never means harmless. How labels work.

Sources

  1. Snake Facts (MDC Wildlife Facts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
  2. A Guide to Missouri's Turtles (MDC publication E00468). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). printed code "1/2023 E00468"; checked November 3, 2026.
    Quoted passages (1)
    “Missouri has 18 species of turtles, with one additional subspecies or geographic races, that represent four different families.”
  3. MDC Field Guide: Reptiles and Amphibians > Turtles (species accounts). Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). undated page; checked November 3, 2026.
    Quoted passages (3)
    “When it became known that the turtles and their water can harbor salmonella bacteria, and that humans handling the turtles might be affected, sales of the turtles mostly ended.”
    “Though softshells have notoriously strong jaws and should always be handled with caution, smooth softshells are less inclined to bite when captured compared to spiny softshells.”
    “Spiny softshells are defensive and will try to bite when captured.”
  4. GBIF.org occurrence records, human observations licensed CC0 1.0 or CC BY 4.0 only, accessed November 3, 2026. The datasets behind these counts are listed on our Sources page.