Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division: …this CD and accompanying 24-page booklet present the unique calls and life histories of 32 frog and toad species found in Georgia.
This page lists 31 species: 1 from Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division's "Calls of the Wild — Vocalizations of Georgia's Frogs" / Froggin' by Ear notes and 30 named in other official sources.
2 are nonnative. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division gives a total of 32; the 31 here are the frogs and toads official sources name one by one.
All 31 frogs and toads
From A to Z.
Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Midwest Region · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Size
2 to 3.5 inches long (NCWRC: up to 4 inches); females are larger than males.
How to recognize it
Dark spots on the back hold only a few large warts; the similar Fowler's toad has three or more. Agencies give different counts for the American toad (TWRA: one or two; Ohio DNR: one, two or three; Georgia DNR: usually no more than one), so wart count alone does not settle it; check the head crests too (see lookalikes).
A large, kidney- or bean-shaped parotoid gland behind each eye that usually does not touch the bony ridge (cranial crest) above the eye, or touches it only by a short spur.
Enlarged warts on the lower leg.
Where in Georgia
Northern half of Georgia (breeding, per source) Georgia DNR
No official source we use states whether this animal is venomous. That does not mean it is harmless: do not handle it.
Size
Most are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long (not counting legs); adult females can exceed 6 inches. Any Florida treefrog over 3 inches is almost certainly a Cuban treefrog.
How to recognize it
Very large toe pads, much larger than native treefrogs'.
Large 'bug eyes'.
Warty back but no warts on top of the head; skin on the head fused to the skull once the frog is over about 1 inch long.
The difference official sources agree on is at the head: in the American toad the ridge (cranial crest) behind each eye is separate from the parotoid gland or joined to it only by a short spur; in Fowler's toad the two touch. Fowler's toad also has three or more warts in each of the larger dark spots, while the American toad has fewer (TWRA: one or two; Ohio DNR: one, two or three; Georgia DNR: usually no more than one). Fowler's toad has a whitish belly, often with a single dark spot on the chest; the American toad's belly is peppered with dark spots. The two can hybridize, so some toads cannot be told apart.
The difference official sources agree on is at the head: in the American toad the ridge (cranial crest) behind each eye is separate from the parotoid gland or joined to it only by a short spur; in Fowler's toad the two touch. Fowler's toad also has three or more warts in each of the larger dark spots, while the American toad has fewer (TWRA: one or two; Ohio DNR: one, two or three; Georgia DNR: usually no more than one). Fowler's toad has a whitish belly, often with a single dark spot on the chest; the American toad's belly is peppered with dark spots. The two can hybridize, and hybrids have intermediate features.
Florida Museum: the invasive Cuban treefrog is larger, with larger toe pads and irregularly bumpy skin. UF/IFAS: any treefrog in Florida longer than 3 inches is almost certainly a Cuban treefrog.
Pickerel frog or Leopard frogs (southern and northern leopard frogs)?
Leopard frogs have rounded spots that are not in two neat rows, and no bright yellow-orange on the hidden leg surfaces. The southern leopard frog has a white spot on the eardrum and can be bright green; NCWRC says the pickerel frog is virtually always brown, tan or golden, though TWRA and MSU also list green, so color alone does not settle it.
Wood frog or Green frog (young; including bronze color form)?
Green frog (young; including bronze color form) Not stated
MDC: young green frogs can be similar in color but lack the dark brown mask through each eye.
Photos show typical adults; individuals vary. Never get close to compare.
When frogs and toads are active in Georgia
Records of frogs and toads in Georgia peak in April to June and August to September. They show when people record frogs and toads, not how many there are (about month bars).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2,176 records of frogs and toads in Georgia by month (GBIF, CC0 and CC BY records).
How to report
Wildlife conflict advice: Georgia DNR 1-800-366-2661. Mountain lion sightings: regional WRD Game Management office (Region 1 706-295-6041; Region 2 770-535-5700; Region 3 706-595-4222; Region 4 229-426-5267; Region 5 229-430-4254; Region 6 912-262-3173), after hours 800-241-4113. Georgia DNR Wildlife Resources Division
“The toepads are noticeably large, similar in size to its tympanum (eardrum) (Dorcas and Gibbons, 2008; Elliott et al., 2009), and much larger than the native Dryophytes cinereus.”
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